ArticleBMJ open2020
Assessing the association between tourism and the alcohol urban environment in Barcelona: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- What drove changes in alcohol sales during the COVID-19 pandemic in Czechia? An interrupted time series analyses.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- [Hospital emergencies due to alcohol consumption in times of COVID-19 on the Costa del Sol (Spain)].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2024Article
- Ex ante evaluation of the impact of tobacco control policy measures aimed at the point of sale in the Netherlands.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Article
- [Prevalence of binge drinking among high school students and urban contextual factors.]Revista espanola de salud publica · 2020Observational
- [Policies to prevent the harm caused by alcohol: priorities for Spain.]Revista espanola de salud publica · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAlcohol availability and promotion are not distributed equally in the urban context. Evidence shows that the socioeconomic level seems to influence the amount of alcohol-related elements in an area. Some studies suggest that tourism could also affect the distribution of these elements. We explore with a valid instrument in a large city whether there is an association between high tourism pressure and a greater presence of alcohol-related elements in the urban environment.
designObservational ecological study.
settingThe study was conducted in Barcelona during 2017-2018.
participantsWe assessed urban exposure to alcohol by performing social systematic observation using the OHCITIES Instrument in a stratified random sample of 170 census tracts within the city's 73 neighbourhoods. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: For each census tract we calculated the density of alcohol premises, and of promotion in public places per 1000 residents. We estimated tourism pressure using the number of tourist beds per 1000 residents in each neighbourhood and calculated quartiles. To assess the relationship between rate ratios of elements of alcohol urban environment and tourism pressure, we calculated Spearman correlations and fitted Poisson regression models with robust error variance.
resultsThe median densities obtained were of 8.18 alcohol premises and of 7.59 alcohol advertising and promotion elements visible from the public space per 1000 population. Census tracts with the highest tourism pressure had 2.5 (95% CI: 1.85-3.38) times more outlets and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.64-3.23) times more promotion elements per 1000 residents than those in the lowest tourism pressure quartile.
conclusionsWe observed a strong association between tourism pressure and alcohol exposure in the city of Barcelona.
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