Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32994226›Full record

ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2020

Incidence and seasonality of type 1 diabetes: a population-based 3-year cohort study using the National Database in Japan.

Yuichi Nishioka, Tatsuya Noda, Sadanori Okada, Tomoya Myojin, Shinichiro Kubo, Tsuneyuki Higashino, Hitoshi Ishii, Tomoaki Imamura

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Multiple or Single Endocrine Abnormalities Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
    Article
  6. Fulminant and Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes Associated with Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Individualized treatment of diabetes mellitus in older adults.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2024
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Influence of Gender in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yuichi NishiokaDepartment of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
Tatsuya NodaDepartment of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan noda@naramed-u.ac.jp.ORCID 0000-0002-3652-7547
Sadanori OkadaDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
Tomoya MyojinDepartment of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
Shinichiro KuboDepartment of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
Tsuneyuki HigashinoHealthcare and Wellness Division, Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc, Tokyo, Japan.
Hitoshi IshiiDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
Tomoaki ImamuraDepartment of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTo investigate the incidence of type 1 diabetes by age group (0-19, 20-39, 40-59, ≥60 years) in Japan and whether there is seasonality in this incidence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsThe incidence of type 1 diabetes from September 2014 to August 2017 was estimated using 2013-2018 data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Check-ups of Japan. The incidence rate was analyzed using Tango's Index and the self-controlled case series method.

resultsOverall, 10 400 of the 79 175 553 included individuals were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The incidence of type 1 diabetes from September 2014 to August 2017 was 4.42/100 000 person-years. The incidence rates for men aged 0-19, 20-39, 40-59, and ≥60 years were 3.94, 5.57, 5.70, and 3.48, respectively. Among women, the incidence rates for the same age ranges were 5.22, 4.83, 4.99, and 3.31, respectively. Tango's index showed that the incidence rate of type 1 diabetes was significantly associated with seasons among those aged 0-19 years. Further, the self-controlled case series method showed a significant interaction between age and season, with the incidence of type 1 diabetes being higher in spring for patients younger than 20 years of age.

conclusionsIn Japan, men aged 40-59 years and women aged 0-19 years are the groups with the highest incidence of type 1 diabetes. Further, the incidence of younger-onset diabetes in Japan was higher in spring (from March to May).

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Cohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceJapanMaleMiddle AgedSeasonsadministrative dataclinical epidemiologyincidenceinsulin-deficient type 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID32994226
PMCPMC7526280

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.