Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32993700›Full record

SynthesisBMC musculoskeletal disorders2020

The mechanism of hamstring injuries - a systematic review.

Adam Danielsson, Alexandra Horvath, Carl Senorski, Eduard Alentorn-Geli, William E Garrett, Ramón Cugat, Kristian Samuelsson, Eric Hamrin Senorski

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  6. Trial
  7. Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in grade 2 hamstring muscle injuries: results from a randomized controlled trial.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Adam DanielssonDepartment of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
Alexandra HorvathDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Carl SenorskiDepartment of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
Eduard Alentorn-GeliInstituto Cugat, Barcelona, Spain.
William E GarrettDuke Sports Sciences Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Ramón CugatInstituto Cugat, Barcelona, Spain.
Kristian SamuelssonDepartment of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
Eric Hamrin SenorskiDepartment of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden. eric.hamrin.senorski@gu.se.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-0147

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInjuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. PURPOSE: To investigate the hamstring injury mechanism by conducting a systematic review. STUDY

designA systematic review following the PRISMA statement.

methodsA systematic search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Studies 1) written in English and 2) deciding on the mechanism of hamstring injury were eligible for inclusion. Literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, conference abstracts, book chapters and editorials were excluded, as well as studies where the full text could not be obtained.

resultsTwenty-six of 2372 screened original studies were included and stratified to the mechanism or methods used to determine hamstring injury: stretch-related injuries, kinematic analysis, electromyography-based kinematic analysis and strength-related injuries. All studies that reported the stretch-type injury mechanism concluded that injury occurs due to extensive hip flexion with a hyperextended knee. The vast majority of studies on injuries during running proposed that these injuries occur during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle.

conclusionA stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

Indexed as

Athletic InjuriesHamstring MusclesBiomechanical PhenomenaHumansKneeKnee JointMuscle, SkeletalBiomechanicsMuscle injuryRunningSprintingStrength

Identifiers

PMID32993700
PMCPMC7526261

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.