Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32993649›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2020

Evaluating the potential of using urine and saliva specimens for malaria diagnosis in suspected patients in Ghana.

Enoch Aninagyei, Joseph Abraham, Paul Atiiga, Shadrach Duodu Antwi, Stephen Bamfo, Desmond Omane Acheampong

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Urine and Saliva: Relevant Specimens for Malaria Diagnosis?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Enoch AninagyeiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana. eaninagyei@uhas.edu.gh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6489-167X
Joseph AbrahamDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Paul AtiigaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Shadrach Duodu AntwiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Stephen BamfoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Desmond Omane AcheampongDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. dacheampong@ucc.edu.gh.
University of Cape Coast · GHUniversity of Health and Allied Sciences · GH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed at detecting PfHRP2 and pLDH malaria antigens in urine and salivary specimens of suspected malaria patients using RDT kits, and identifying factors influencing the detection of these antigens.

methodsMalaria rapid test kit (SD Bioline RDT kit) was used to detect malaria antigens, PfHRP2 and pLDH, in blood, urine and saliva samples received from patients suspected of malaria. Subsequently, malaria parasitaemia was determined. From the same patients, body temperature readings and haemoglobin concentrations were recorded. Also, micro-haematuria and saliva occult blood were determined. Relative to blood, the sensitivities and the performance of urine and saliva as alternative samples were evaluated.

resultsA total of 706 suspected malaria patients provided all three specimens. Prevalence of malaria by microscopy and RDT was 44.2% and 53.9%, respectively. Compared to blood, the sensitivities of urine and saliva were 35.2% and 57.0% respectively. Haemoglobin concentration < 9.9 g/dL, body temperature > 38.7 °C and occult blood influenced the detection of malaria antigens in both urine and saliva. Furthermore, the antigens were not detected in urine and saliva when parasitaemia was < 60,000 parasites/µL and < 40,000 parasites/µL, respectively.

conclusionSaliva, with or without blood contamination, was found to be more efficient that urine samples. Therefore these non-blood specimens have the potential to be used as non-invasive samples for malaria diagnosis. However, this approach is useful in severe to moderate anaemia, hyperthermia, parasitaemia > 60,000 parasites/µL and samples contaminated with blood.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntigens, ProtozoanChildChild, PreschoolDiagnostic Tests, RoutineFemaleGhanaHumansInfantL-Lactate DehydrogenaseMalaria, FalciparumMaleMiddle AgedAntigens, ProtozoanHRP-2 antigen, Plasmodium falciparumL-Lactate DehydrogenaseProtozoan ProteinsGa west municipalityGhanaMalaria antigens in salivaMalaria antigens in urine

Identifiers

PMID32993649
PMCPMC7526349
OpenAlexW3090860247

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.