Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32993054›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2020

Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Potent Predictor of Long-Term Mortality among Subjects with Osteoarthritis.

Natalie Arnold, Martin Rehm, Gisela Büchele, Raphael Simon Peter, Rolf Erwin Brenner, Klaus-Peter Günther, Hermann Brenner, Wolfgang Koenig, Dietrich Rothenbacher

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Low-dose Radiation Therapy (LDRT) in Managing Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Review.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Exerkines and osteoarthritis.Frontiers in physiology · 2023
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Natalie ArnoldDepartment of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Centre Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
Martin RehmInstitute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Gisela BücheleInstitute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Raphael Simon PeterInstitute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4310-9500
Rolf Erwin BrennerDivision for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Klaus-Peter GüntherTechnical University of Dresden, University Center of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
Hermann BrennerDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6129-1572
Wolfgang KoenigInstitute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Dietrich RothenbacherInstitute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3563-2791
Universität Ulm · DEGerman Cancer Research Center · DETechnische Universität Dresden · DEUniversität Hamburg · DE

Funding

Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie BMFT No. 01 EF940/6Deutsche Arthrosehilfe P306-A707Roche Diagnostics n/a
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSubjects with osteoarthritis (OA) are at increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality. Whether biomarkers improve outcome prediction in these patients remains to be elucidated. We investigated the association between growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a novel stress-responsive cytokine, and long-term all-cause mortality among OA patients.

methodsWithin the Ulm Osteoarthritis Study, GDF-15 has been measured in the serum of 636 subjects, who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty between 1995 and 1996 (median age 65 years).

resultsDuring a median follow-up of 19.7 years, a total of 402 deaths occurred. GDF-15 was inversely associated with walking distance. Compared to the bottom quartile (Q), subjects within the top quartile of GDF-15 demonstrated a 2.69-fold increased risk of dying (hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) 2.69 (1.82-3.96) adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, localization of OA, diabetes, maximum walking distance, total cholesterol, and cystatin C. Further adjustment for NT-proBNP, troponin I, and hs-C-reactive protein did not change the results appreciably (HR (95%CI) 1.56 (1.07-2.28); 1.75 (1.21-2.55); 2.32 (1.55-3.47) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 respectively,

conclusionsIn subjects with OA, GDF-15 represents a potent predictor of decreased survival over >20 years, independently of conventional CV risk factors, renal, cardiac, and inflammatory biomarkers as well as walking disability, previously associated with increased mortality and lower extremity OA.

Indexed as

growth differentiation factor-15osteoarthritisprognosistotal mortality

Identifiers

PMID32993054
PMCPMC7650798
OpenAlexW3089049254

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.