ArticleGenes2020
The Female-Specific W Chromosomes of Birds Have Conserved Gene Contents but Are Not Feminized.
Article in Genes, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- The complete sequence of the silkworm W chromosome uncovers its rapid evolution by large-scale duplications/deletions and translocation of W-linked genes.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Centromeric satellite expansion drives genome evolution in the snowy owl.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Article
- ZW Sex Chromosome Differentiation in Palaeognathous Birds Is Associated with Mitochondrial Effective Population Size but Not Mitochondrial Genome Size or Mutation Rate.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Transposable elements shape the landscape of heterozygous structural variation in a bird genome.Zoological research · 2025Article
- Article
- Insights into avian molecular cytogenetics-with reptilian comparisons.Molecular cytogenetics · 2024Review
- Comparative genomics illuminates karyotype and sex chromosome evolution of sharks.Cell genomics · 2024Article
- A maternal-to-zygotic-transition gene block on the zebrafish sex chromosome.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Evolution of bird sex chromosomes: a cytogenomic approach in Palaeognathae species.BMC ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Evolution and expression patterns of the neo-sex chromosomes of the crested ibis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Highlighting chromosomal rearrangements of five species of Galliformes (Domestic fowl, Common and Japanese quail, Barbary and Chukar partridge) and the Houbara bustard, an endangered Otidiformes: banding cytogenetic is a powerful tool.Comparative cytogenetics · 2024Article
- Distinct patterns of gene expression in the medial preoptic area are related to gregarious singing behavior in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).BMC neuroscience · 2023Article
- A high-quality genome assembly highlights the evolutionary history of the great bustard (Otis tarda, Otidiformes).Communications biology · 2023Article
- Evolutionary analysis of a complete chicken genome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- X chromosomes show relaxed selection and complete somatic dosage compensation across Timema stick insect species.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2022Article
- Genetic architecture facilitates then constrains adaptation in a host-parasite coevolutionary arms race.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Accumulation and ineffective silencing of transposable elements on an avian W Chromosome.Genome research · 2022Article
- Evaluation of four methods to identify the homozygotic sex chromosome in small populations.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Recurrent chromosome reshuffling and the evolution of neo-sex chromosomes in parrots.Nature communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sex chromosomes are unique genomic regions with sex-specific or sex-biased inherent patterns and are expected to be more frequently subject to sex-specific selection. Substantial knowledge on the evolutionary patterns of sex-linked genes have been gained from the studies on the male heterogametic systems (XY male, XX female), but the understanding of the role of sex-specific selection in the evolution of female-heterogametic sex chromosomes (ZW female, ZZ male) is limited. Here we collect the W-linked genes of 27 birds, covering the three major avian clades: Neoaves (songbirds), Galloanserae (chicken), and Palaeognathae (ratites and tinamous). We find that the avian W chromosomes exhibit very conserved gene content despite their independent evolution of recombination suppression. The retained W-linked genes have higher dosage-sensitive and higher expression level than the lost genes, suggesting the role of purifying selection in their retention. Moreover, they are not enriched in ancestrally female-biased genes, and have not acquired new ovary-biased expression patterns after becoming W-linked. They are broadly expressed across female tissues, and the expression profile of the W-linked genes in females is not deviated from that of the homologous Z-linked genes. Together, our new analyses suggest that female-specific positive selection on the avian W chromosomes is limited, and the gene content of the W chromosomes is mainly shaped by purifying selection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.