SynthesisNutrients2020
Dietary Sodium Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05789238 (Development of Online Store for Testing Regulatory Food and Nutrition Policies in Brazil), which is not on this map. Cited by 129 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Development of Online Store for Testing Regulatory Food and Nutrition Policies in Brazil
Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mediterranean diet versus low-fat diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and outcomes: A systematic review of RCTs.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association 2025 Guidelines for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention and Risk Assessment.Saudi medical journal · 2026Guideline
- Mediterranean Diet, Obesity-Related Metabolic Cardiovascular Disorders, and Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Population-level salt intake in the WHO European Region in 2022: a systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Sodium Intake and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies.Current hypertension reports · 2022Pooled it
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolite isovalerylcarnitine modulates salt sensitivity of blood pressure and incident hypertension: a multicenter dietary salt intervention trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Effects of High- Versus Low-Sodium Oxybate on Blood Pressure in Patients With Narcolepsy.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of an mHealth- and School-Based Health Education Program for Salt Reduction (EduSaltS) in China: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Within Scale-Up.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Impact of a Mediterranean-Inspired Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Effects of the Chinese Heart-Healthy Diet (Sichuan Cuisine Version) on the 10-year CVD risk and vascular age: a randomised controlled feeding trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Can trigeminal sensations impact saltiness perception? A mini-review.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Review
- Advances in Salt Reduction in Salt-Dependent Traditional Fermented Foods: From Microecological Responses to Flavor and Safety Control.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Trends in the Prevalence of Foods High in Saturated Fats, Sodium, and Added Sugars among U.S. adults, NHANES 2007-2018.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Top Food Contributors of Sodium Intake in US Children and Adults Aged 1 Year or Older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, August 2021-August 2023.Preventing chronic disease · 2026Article
- The Hidden Burden of Water-Binding Additives in Meat Products: Biochemical, Clinical, and Psychosocial Implications.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- An Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Diets Generated by Large Language Models Under Average User Conditions-3(LM)Diet Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Sodium Content of Street and Restaurant Foods in Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis of Food System Determinants.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Maternal low sodium intake and early postnatal diuretics program metabolic and ventilatory dysfunction in mice.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Controversies of Sodium-Induced Hypertension: A Multi-Systemic Perspective.Nutrients · 2026Review
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dietary sodium intake has received considerable attention as a potential risk factor of cardiovascular disease. However, evidence on the dose-response association between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular disease risk is unclear. Embase and PubMed were searched from their inception to 17 August 2020 and studies that examined the association between sodium intake and cardiovascular disease in adolescents were not included in this review. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the effect of high sodium intake using a random effects model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment was performed. A random-effects dose-response model was used to estimate the linear and nonlinear dose-response relationships. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explain the observed heterogeneity. We identified 36 reports, which included a total of 616,905 participants, and 20 of these reports were also used for a dose-response meta-analysis. Compared with individuals with low sodium intake, individuals with high sodium intake had a higher adjusted risk of cardiovascular disease (Rate ratio: 1.19, 95% confidence intervals = 1.08-1.30). Our findings suggest that there is a significant linear relationship between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular disease risk. The risk of cardiovascular disease increased up to 6% for every 1 g increase in dietary sodium intake. A low-sodium diet should be encouraged and education regarding reduced sodium intake should be provided.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.