ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Is It High Time to Increase Elite Soccer Substitutions Permanently?
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Differences in Physical Match Performance and Injury Occurrence Before and After the COVID-19 Break in Professional European Soccer Leagues: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine - open · 2022Pooled it
- Return-to-Play Timeline and Recovery Predictors After COVID-19 Infection in Elite Football Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Understanding ACL injuries in volleyball: a systematic review of epidemiology and risk factors.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Review
- More substitutions changed team substitution strategy? An analysis of the FIFA World Cup 2002-2022.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Temporal features of goals, substitutions, and fouls in football games in the five major European league from 2018 to 2021.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on football attacking players' match technical performance: a longitudinal study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of the New COVID-19-Induced Rule on Substitutions and Performance in Italian Elite Soccer.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Injury Incidence in Japanese Male Professional Soccer Players.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- Effect of Increasing the Number of Substitutions on Physical Performance during Periods of Congested Fixtures in Football.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Confinement Effects on Game Actions during Competition Restart in Professional Soccer Players.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Observational
- Kinetic changes in sweat lactate following fatigue during constant workload exercise.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- Muscle Damage Biomarkers in Congestion Weeks in English Premier League Soccer Players: A Prospective Study for Two Consecutive Seasons.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Comparative Analysis of Soccer Performance Intensity of the Pre-Post-Lockdown COVID-19 in LaLiga™.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Running Patterns inFrontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Change in Soccer Substitutions Rule Due to COVID-19: Why Only Five Substitutions?Frontiers in sports and active living · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rules determine how team sport matches occur. Match-induced fatigue is specific to each sport, and may be associated with injury incidence. For example, the injury rate in soccer is distinctly higher during matches than in training sessions. Understanding the differences between team sports rules might be useful for enhancing rules (e.g., safer sport). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the rule-induced physical demands between soccer, futsal, basketball, and handball, focusing on substitution rules. Data from the elite team sports' rules (e.g., absolute and relative court dimensions; the number of players, substitutions allowed, total game time, time-outs) were collected, including the changes due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in soccer substitutions, and comparisons were performed. The data showed that soccer has higher rule-induced physical demands: e.g., substantially lower substitution rate, higher dimensions in absolute (eight to fifteen times), and relative (four to eight times) values. Simulations also showed that soccer has extremely large differences, even considering COVID-19 substitution changes (from three to up to five). We conclude that elite soccer has remarkably higher overall rule-induced physical demands than elite futsal, basketball and handball, and increasing soccer substitutions permanently (e.g., unlimited) might mitigate overall soccer demands.
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