ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper and Selenium Status in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Biomarkers and Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Fluoride Exposure and ADHD: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- The Role of Iron and Zinc in the Treatment of ADHD among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Association Between Trace Mineral Concentrations and Oxidative Stress in Children with ADHD Supplemented with Multinutrients.Biological trace element research · 2026Trial
- Prenatal and preschool micronutrient supplementation and behavioral outcomes in school-aged children in Nepal-a cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Evaluating mineral biomarkers as mediators and moderators of behavioural improvements in a randomised controlled trial of multinutrients for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Review
- Effect of Nutritional Factors on Mental Health Problems in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Synthesis of Current Evidence.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Nutrient patterns in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a case-control study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Interaction between air pollution and diet on cognitive function in schoolchildren.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Serum vitamins and microelements levels and their association with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Could Low Serum TWEAK Levels Serve as a Biomarker for Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with ADHD, Specifically the Predominantly Inattentive Subtype?Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Essential and non-essential metals in children's intellectual functioning: A multi-media biomarker approach from a Mexico City birth cohort.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Association Between Hair Trace Element Content and Children's Growth and Development: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Surveillance Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Assessing the Impact of Serum Ferritin on Life Skills in Children with ADHD.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Serum Levels of Trace Elements (Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Selenium, and Strontium) are Differentially Associated with Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Metabolomic Insights into Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Scoping Review.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Complementary therapies for the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a scoping review.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2025Article
- Benefits of multi-micronutrient nutritional formula combined with aerobic exercise on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: improvements in symptoms, cognition, executive function, and sleep.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study, we critically review the literature concerning the relation of Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Elemental status is estimated using peripheral blood parameters, hair, urine, daily intake and response to supplementation. The observed associations between concentration levels of the elements Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se and ADHD symptoms are contradictory. This is partly due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the disorder. As a trend, lower ferritin and zinc levels can be observed. However, this correlation is not causative, as illustrated by placebo-controlled trials reporting conflicting evidence on the efficacy of supplementation. Well-defined studies on changes in concentration levels of the elements in relation to ADHD symptoms before and after treatment with therapeutics it will be possible to shed more light on the significance of these elements in this behavioral disorder. The discussion on whether a change in concentration of an element is cause or consequence of ADHD is not within the scope of this article.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.