ArticleEconomics and human biology2020
The New school food standards and nutrition of school children: Direct and Indirect Effect Analysis.
Article in Economics and human biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Universal Free School Meals and School and Student Outcomes: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- "Salt and Eat It or No Salt and Trash It?" Shifts in Support for School Meal Program Flexibilities in Public Comments.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Barriers and enablers to providing healthy food and beverages in New Zealand secondary school canteens.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- Understanding what drives schools to adopt effective school-based nutrition programs: a cross-sectional study of barriers and facilitators.Translational behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Estimating the value of an early childhood education nutrition program.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- School Nutrition Personnel Perceptions of School Salad Bars before and after COVID-19.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Health, wellbeing and nutritional impacts after 2 years of free school meals in New Zealand.Health promotion international · 2023Article
- Did mental and emotional health of SNAP families' children improve during the COVID-19 pandemic?Preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Implementation of Flexibilities to the National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs and Their Impact on Schools in Missouri.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Association of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 With Body Mass Trajectories of Children in Low-Income Families.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Would A National Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax In The United States Be Well Targeted?American journal of agricultural economics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) of 2010 made sweeping changes to school nutritional standards. We estimate the impacts of shifts in school nutritional standards on dietary quality as well as dietary quantity of children's food intakes from school and away-from-school food sources. We find the average effect of consuming school food, rather than away-from-school food, on children's overall dietary quality significantly increased from the pre- to post-HHFKA implementation period. This effect was solely driven by substantial improvements in the dietary quality of foods acquired at school, mainly among older and higher-income children. Our indirect effect analysis indicated that children shifted towards consuming lower-quality diets at home in the post-HHFKA period, thereby partially offsetting the positive effects of the HHFKA on their overall dietary quality. Indirect impacts were primarily driven by a subset of children consuming more than a third of their daily calories from school food. Additionally, we find suggestive evidence of a modest decrease in daily calorie intake, particularly among older and higher-income children. Together, our findings imply that the HHFKA, despite its unintended negative indirect effects, led children to consume more-nutritious, less-energy-dense diets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.