ArticleCell2020
Mapping Neutralizing and Immunodominant Sites on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain by Structure-Guided High-Resolution Serology.
4 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Cell, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,008 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,008citing papers in PubMed
32.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Serology Testing (Antibody Levels) With Time Following SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) Vaccinations in Residents of Nursing, Extended Care, and Over-55 Communities
Longitudinal Observation of Clinical and Immunological Profiles After SARS-Cov-2 Infection
Phase II Study to Evaluate Immunogenicity and Safety in Subjects With Evidence of Prior Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 of a Single Intramuscular or Intranasal Dose of the Live Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Based AVX/COVID-12 Vaccine
NCT05710783 phase2 / phase3completednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation
Phase II/III Parallel, Double-blind, Non-inferiority Study With Active Control, to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of a Booster Immunization Scheme With a Single Intramuscular Dose of the Recombinant Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2
Who cites it
1,008 citing papers in PubMed, 1,607 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell-Mediated Immunity of mRNA-1283 Vaccine Encoding SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding and N-Terminal Domains in Preclinical and Clinical Studies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of PHH-1V booster against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including omicron subvariants: Results from a phase IIb open-label extension study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Structural serology of polyclonal antibody responses to mRNA-1273 and NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 vaccines.Cell reports · 2025Trial
- Longitudinal analysis of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 recombinant vaccine S-268019-b in phase 1/2 prime-boost study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Deep mutational scanning reveals the antibody escape and infectivity landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron JN.1 and XEC receptor-binding domains.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Disulfide bonds stabilize the SARS-CoV-2 RBD and preserve binding to ACE2 following thermal denaturation.Bioscience reports · 2026Article
- An inverse-protein-folding pre-trained model for predicting the mutational effects in protein-protein interactions.iScience · 2026Article
- Targeting of conserved spike epitopes enables broad antibody neutralisation of diverse bat sarbecoviruses.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Article
- A dimeric mRNA vaccine based on key-mutant and KP.3 RBDs induces broad-spectrum immunity and protects mice against JN.1 and XDV challenges.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Allosteric Interactions of Flavonoids with ACE2 and Potential Implications for COVID-19: Computational Insights, Metabolic and Mitochondrial Effects of Rutin in A549 Cells.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Potent type-specific de novo antibodies complement broadly reactive imprinted antibodies in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Emergence of neutralizing RBD antibodies following Omicron infection with limited activity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2.iScience · 2026Article
- Structural dynamics and allosteric communication of a SARS-like bat coronavirus spike glycoprotein.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- AbAgKer: a unified semi-supervised framework for antigen-antibody binding affinity and kinetics prediction.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Receptor-mimicking antibodies retain neutralization of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants.Biosafety and health · 2026Article
- Variant-specific spike conformational dynamics shape memory B cell selection during recall.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Variant-specific and cross-reactive antibody responses following COVID-19 booster vaccinations and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- htrSPRanalysis: An open source R package for expedited analysis of high-throughput binding kinetics data.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Broad and durable protection against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV by an intranasal chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine expressing tandem RBDs and nucleocapsid.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
948 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
50 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Luca PiccoliHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Young-Jun ParkDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
M Alejandra TortoriciDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, 75015 Paris, France.
Nadine CzudnochowskiVir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Alexandra C WallsDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Martina BeltramelloHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Chiara Silacci-FregniHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Dora PintoHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Laura E RosenVir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
John E BowenDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Oliver J ActonDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Stefano JaconiHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Barbara GuarinoHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Andrea MinolaHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Fabrizia ZattaHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Nicole SprugasciHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Jessica BassiHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Alessia PeterHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Anna De MarcoHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Jay C NixMolecular Biology Consortium, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Federico MeleInstitute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Sandra JovicInstitute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Blanca Fernandez RodriguezInstitute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Sneha V GuptaVir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Feng JinVir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Giovanni PiumattiDivision of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
Giorgia Lo PrestiClinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
Alessandra Franzetti PellandaClinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
Maira BiggiogeroClinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
Maciej TarkowskiIII Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Matteo S PizzutoHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Elisabetta CameroniHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Colin Havenar-DaughtonVir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Megan SmitheyVir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
David HongVir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Valentino LeporiIndependent Physician, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Emiliano AlbaneseInstitute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
Alessandro CeschiFaculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
Enos BernasconiDivision of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Ospedale Civico and Ospedale Italiano, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
Luigia ElziDivision of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Ospedale Regionale Bellinzona e Valli and Ospedale Regionale, 6600 Locarno, Switzerland.
Paolo FerrariDepartment of Nephrology, Ospedale Civico Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Christian GarzoniClinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
Agostino RivaIII Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Gyorgy SnellVir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Federica SallustoInstitute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Katja FinkHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Herbert W VirginVir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Antonio LanzavecchiaHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Davide CortiHumabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Electronic address: dcorti@vir.bio.
David VeeslerDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: dveesler@uw.edu.
Vir Biotechnology (Switzerland) · CHVIR Biotechnology (United States) · USUniversity of Washington · USUniversità della Svizzera italiana · CHClinica Luganese Moncucco · CHEnte Ospedaliero Cantonale · CHASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco · ITLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · USOspedale regionale di Lugano · CHUniversity Hospital of Geneva · CH
Funding
User Training and OutreachP30GM124169 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · PI CORIE Y RALSTON · 2017 to 2026
$28.6MUnraveling the bat humoral immune response against zoonotic viruses to guide the design of next-generation therapeuticsDP1AI158186 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI VEESLER, DAVID · 2020 to 2024
$5.4MAcquisition of a high resolution, high throughput cryo-electron microscopeS10OD023476 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI KOLLMAN, JUSTIN M · 2017 to 2017
$2.0MStructural Studies of Coronavirus Fusion ProteinsR01GM120553 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI VEESLER, DAVID · 2016 to 2020
$1.7MNIAID NIH HHS DP1 AI158186NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201700059CNIGMS NIH HHS P30 GM124169NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM120553NIH HHS S10 OD023476
Abstract
Analysis of the specificity and kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for understanding immune protection and identifying targets for vaccine design. In a cohort of 647 SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects, we found that both the magnitude of Ab responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleoprotein and nAb titers correlate with clinical scores. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) is immunodominant and the target of 90% of the neutralizing activity present in SARS-CoV-2 immune sera. Whereas overall RBD-specific serum IgG titers waned with a half-life of 49 days, nAb titers and avidity increased over time for some individuals, consistent with affinity maturation. We structurally defined an RBD antigenic map and serologically quantified serum Abs specific for distinct RBD epitopes leading to the identification of two major receptor-binding motif antigenic sites. Our results explain the immunodominance of the receptor-binding motif and will guide the design of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics.
Indexed as
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Antibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralAntigen-Antibody ReactionsBetacoronavirusBinding SitesCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19Epitope MappingEpitopesHumansImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MKineticsACE2 protein, humanAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Antibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralEpitopesImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MPeptidyl-Dipeptidase ASpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2coronavirusesCOVID-19effector functionsimmunityneutralizing antibodiesSARS-CoV-2
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Registered trials
NCT04944095ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05038475ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05205746ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05710783ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.