ArticleInternational endodontic journal2021
Biofilm removal from a simulated isthmus and lateral canal during syringe irrigation at various flow rates: a combined experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics approach.
Article in International endodontic journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multimethod Evaluation of the Novel Reciproc Minima System: Geometric Design, Mechanical Performance, and Irrigation Dynamics.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Advances in oral disease models: a mini-review of developments from 2015 to 2025.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of Apical Shaping Diameter on Bacterial Load Reduction in Multispecies Infected Root Canals.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Effect of SWEEPS, EDDY, and XP‑endo finisher on organic tissue removal from simulated internal root resorption cavities using different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Dynamic Navigation in Endodontic Surgery: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Influence of irrigation needle design on cleaning efficiency in 3D mandibular molar models.Odontology · 2025Article
- The effect of ultrasonic tip working length on fluid dynamics in the root canal during the irrigation procedure: a computational fluid dynamics study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Phase-locked µPIV analysis of flow dynamics in a simulated root canal with different laser-activated irrigations.Lasers in medical science · 2024Article
- The efficacy of a novel SWEEPS laser-activated irrigation compared to ultrasonic activation in the removal of pulp tissue from an isthmus area in the apical third of the root canal.Lasers in medical science · 2023Article
- Effect of preparation size on the removal of accumulated hard-tissue debris from the mesial root canal system of mandibular molars using SWEEPS technology.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of various irrigant activation techniques on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite into lateral canals of mature permanent teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Saudi dental journal · 2023Review
- Advances in the Role of Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigant in Chemical Preparation of Root Canal Treatment.BioMed research international · 2023Review
- Evaluation of root-canal isthmus debridement efficacy of 3 kinds of activated irrigation technique.Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2022Article
- The response of dual-species bacterial biofilm to 2% and 5% NaOCl mixed with etidronic acid: A laboratory real-time evaluation using optical coherence tomography.International endodontic journal · 2022Article
- Present status and future directions - irrigants and irrigation methods.International endodontic journal · 2022Review
- A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study irrigants and irrigation systems.International endodontic journal · 2022Review
- Biofilm removal from a simulated isthmus and lateral canal during syringe irrigation at various flow rates: a combined experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics approach.International endodontic journal · 2021Article
- The influence of time and irrigant refreshment on biofilm removal from lateral morphological features of simulated root canals.International endodontic journal · 2020Article
- Flow characteristics of positive and negative pressure irrigation in an immature tooth - A computational fluid dynamics study.Journal of conservative dentistry and endodonticsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aim(i) To quantify biofilm removal from a simulated isthmus and a lateral canal in an artificial root canal system during syringe irrigation with NaOCl at different concentrations and delivered at various flow rates (ii) to examine whether biofilm removal is further improved by a final high-flow-rate rinse with an inert irrigant following irrigation with NaOCl. (iii) to simulate the irrigant flow in these areas using a computer model (iv) to examine whether the irrigant velocity calculated by the computer model is correlated to biofilm removal. METHODOLOGY: Ninety-six artificial root canals with either a simulated isthmus or lateral canal were used. A dual-species in vitro biofilm was formed in these areas using a Constant Depth Film Fermenter. NaOCl at various concentrations (2, 5 and 10%) or adhesion buffer (control) was delivered for 30 s by a syringe and an open-ended needle at 0.033, 0.083, or 0.166 mL s
resultsThe flow rate during phase 1 and additional irrigation during phase 2 had a significant effect on the percentage of the remaining biofilm in the isthmus (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001). Additional irrigation during phase 2 also affected the remaining biofilm in the lateral canal significantly (P ≤ 0.007) but only when preceded by irrigation at medium or high flow rate during phase 1. The effect of NaOCl concentration was not significant (P > 0.05). Irrigant velocity in the isthmus and lateral canal increased with increasing flow rate and it was substantially correlated to biofilm removal from those areas.
conclusionsThe irrigant flow rate affected biofilm removal in vitro more than NaOCl concentration. Irrigant velocity predicted by the computer model corresponded with the pattern of biofilm removal from the simulated isthmus and lateral canal.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.