ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2020
Sex, gender and COVID-19: a call to action.
Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04970719 (The Efficacy of Baricitinib Plus Remdesivir Compared to Dexamethasone Plus Remdesivir in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients With Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Efficacy of Baricitinib Plus Remdesivir Compared to Dexamethasone Plus Remdesivir in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of mental health symptom changes by sex or gender in early-COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Understanding sex and gender disparities in COVID-19 mortality: a narrative review beyond biology.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Sex differences in dementia risk: considering underlying medical conditions.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Observational
- Gender and sex bias in COVID-19 epidemiological data through the lens of causality.Information processing & management · 2023Article
- Article
- Nursing Students' Perception about Gender Inequalities Presented on Social Networks: A Qualitative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Sex and Gender Multidimensionality in Epidemiologic Research.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Best Practices of Hospitals in Management of Epidemic Conditions: A Scoping Review.Galen medical journal · 2023Article
- Vitamin D and estrogen steroid hormones and their immunogenetic roles in Infectious respiratory (TB and COVID-19) diseases.Genetics and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Women healthcare workers' experiences during COVID-19 and other crises: A scoping review.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2022Article
- Immunogenicity evaluation of ChAdox1 nCov-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in solid cancer patients in Chulabhorn Hospital.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- The Potential of Exerkines in Women's COVID-19: A New Idea for a Better and More Accurate Understanding of the Mechanisms behind Physical Exercise.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Pandemic Meets Endemic: The Role of Social Inequalities and Failing Public Health Policies as Drivers of Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality among White, Black, and Hispanic Communities in the United States of America.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- 'I Didn't Know Where to Go': A Mixed-Methods Approach to Explore Migrants' Perspectives of Access and Use of Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Using gender analysis matrixes to integrate a gender lens into infectious diseases outbreaks research.Health policy and planning · 2022Article
- Epidemiological, virological and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 among individuals during the first wave in Cameroon: Baseline analysis for the EDCTP PERFECT-Study RIA2020EF-3000.Journal of public health in Africa · 2022Article
- High concordance in SARSCoV-2 detection between automated (Journal of public health in Africa · 2022Article
- COVID-19, sex, and gender in China: a scoping review.Globalization and health · 2022Article
- Coronavirus, capitalism and a 'thousand tiny dis/advantages': a more-than-human analysis.Social theory & health : STH · 2022Article
- Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland.International journal of public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An understanding of the influence of sex (biological attributes) and gender (socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions, identities) factors on the risk of infection, hospitalization and death is of urgent importance in the COVID-19 pandemic response effort. Despite similar global rates of infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic), hospitalizations and mortality are higher in men than in women. Females may be less vulnerable to viral infection due to sex-based differences in immune responses and renin-angiotensin system activity. The response and side effects of currently studied potential therapies for COVID-19, such as hydroxychloroquine, likely differ by sex. Women form the majority of the health care workforce and a uniform approach to sizing of personal protective equipment may provide differing levels of protection from viral infection to health care workers of varying shapes and sizes. Important gender differences exist in the response to public health measures to prevent and contain spread of COVID-19, as well as presentation for testing and medical care, which may inadvertently propagate viral spread. Targeted approaches that consider both sex and gender, as well as measures of intersectionality, are urgently needed in the response efforts against COVID-19.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.