ArticlePsychopharmacology2020
Beyond abstinence and relapse: cluster analysis of drug-use patterns during treatment as an outcome measure for clinical trials.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extended observation of reduced methamphetamine use with combined naltrexone plus bupropion in the ADAPT-2 trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Trial
- Characterizing cannabis use reduction and change in functioning during treatment: Initial steps on the path to new clinical endpoints.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Trial
- Cluster analysis of conformity and social desirability: Association with use and problematic use of licit substances.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Strategies After Discontinuation of Valproate By Females with Epilepsy of Child-Bearing Potential: An Insurance Claims Database Study in France and the United Kingdom.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- Craving for a Robust Methodology: A Systematic Review of Machine Learning Algorithms on Substance-Use Disorders Treatment Outcomes.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2026Article
- A Challenge To The Assumption That Short- versus Long-Access Groups of Opioid Users Represent Distinct Phenotypes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Individual differences in the evolution of causal illusions.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2025Article
- Medical calculators derived synthetic cohorts: a novel method for generating synthetic patient data.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Activity space during treatment with medication for opioid use disorder: Relationships with personality, mood, and drug use.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Observational
- Health Outcomes by Neighborhood (HON): Effects of Neighborhood, Social Instability, and Health Factors on 12-Month Trajectories of Substance-Use Disorder Symptoms.Substance use & misuse · 2023Article
- A scoping review of electroencephalographic (EEG) markers for tracking neurophysiological changes and predicting outcomes in substance use disorder treatment.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Ranking the contribution of behavioral measures comprising oxycodone self-administration to reinstatement of drug-seeking in male and female rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Quality of life during a randomized trial of a therapeutic-workplace intervention for opioid use disorder: Web-based mobile assessments reveal effects of drug abstinence and access to paid work.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2021Article
- Lack of effect of different pain-related manipulations on opioid self-administration, reinstatement of opioid seeking, and opioid choice in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Beyond abstinence and relapse II: momentary relationships between stress, craving, and lapse within clusters of patients with similar patterns of drug use.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleMany people being treated for opioid use disorder continue to use drugs during treatment. This use occurs in patterns that rarely conform to well-defined cycles of abstinence and relapse. Systematic identification and evaluation of these patterns could enhance analysis of clinical trials and provide insight into drug use.
objectivesTo evaluate such an approach, we analyzed patterns of opioid and cocaine use from three randomized clinical trials of contingency management in methadone-treated participants.
methodsSequences of drug test results were analyzed with unsupervised machine-learning techniques, including hierarchical clustering of categorical results (i.e., whether any samples were positive during each week) and K-means longitudinal clustering of quantitative results (i.e., the proportion positive each week). The sensitivity of cluster membership as an experimental outcome was assessed based on the effects of contingency management. External validation of clusters was based on drug craving and other symptoms of substance use disorder.
resultsIn each clinical trial, we identified four clusters of use patterns, which can be described as opioid use, cocaine use, dual use (opioid and cocaine), and partial/complete abstinence. Different clustering techniques produced substantially similar classifications of individual participants, with strong above-chance agreement. Contingency management increased membership in clusters with lower levels of drug use and fewer symptoms of substance use disorder.
conclusionsCluster analysis provides person-level output that is more interpretable and actionable than traditional outcome measures, providing a concrete answer to the question of what clinicians can tell patients about the success rates of new treatments.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.