ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Persistence of Racial Inequities in Receipt of Influenza Vaccination Among Nursing Home Residents in the United States.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccine uptake and hesitancy among Black people: A scoping review.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
- Methods for studying health disparities in U.S. nursing homes: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Geographic Variation in Racial Disparities in Receipt of High-Dose Influenza Vaccine Among US Older Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Geospatial Distribution of Racial Disparities in Influenza Vaccination in Nursing Homes.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2024Article
- Geographic Variation in Influenza Vaccination Disparities Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White US Nursing Home Residents.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Geographic variation in influenza vaccination among U.S. nursing home residents: A national study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe sought to determine if racial differences in influenza vaccination among nursing home (NH) residents during the 2008-2009 influenza season persisted in 2018-2019.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of NHs certified by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services during the 2018-2019 influenza season in US states with ≥1% Black NH residents and a White-Black gap in influenza vaccination of NH residents (N = 2 233 392) of at least 1 percentage point (N = 40 states). NH residents during 1 October 2018 through 31 March 2019 aged ≥18 years and self-identified as being of Black or White race were included. Residents' influenza vaccination status (vaccinated, refused, and not offered) was assessed. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate facility-level vaccination status and inequities by state.
resultsThe White-Black gap in influenza vaccination was 9.9 percentage points. In adjusted analyses, racial inequities in vaccination were more prominent at the facility level than at the state level. Black residents disproportionately lived in NHs that had a majority of Blacks residents, which generally had the lowest vaccination. Inequities were most concentrated in the Midwestern region, also the most segregated. Not being offered the vaccine was negligible in absolute percentage points between White residents (2.6%) and Black residents (4.8%), whereas refusals were higher among Black (28.7%) than White residents (21.0%).
conclusionsThe increase in the White-Black vaccination gap among NH residents is occurring at the facility level in more states, especially those with the most segregation.
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Registered trials
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