ReviewTranslational stroke research2021
The Role of Thrombin in Brain Injury After Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke.
Review in Translational stroke research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection after endovascular therapy for cardioembolic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Hirudin as a Therapeutic and Brain-Delivery Platform: From Stroke to Central Nervous System Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Thrombin is increased in diabetic retinal pathology in the STZ mice model, and its attenuation by a specific inhibitor, PARIN5, is associated with preserved function.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress for neuroprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of PCSK9 Inhibitors in Regulating Neuroinflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke.CNS drugs · 2026Review
- From Cerebrovascular Injury to Brain Cancer: The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Clinically oriented dual-tier screening for post-stroke epilepsy with interpretable machine learning in a severely imbalanced cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Elucidates the Mechanisms of Huperzine A Injection Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- The Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network Multi-laboratory Model of Thromboembolic Stroke with Thrombolysis: TE-MCAo.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2025Article
- Identification of Six Potential Therapeutic Targets Common to Ischemic Stroke and Vascular Dementia: Genetic Insights From an Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Protease-activated receptor 4 deficiency increases mortality, intracranial bleeding, and blood-brain barrier impairment following traumatic brain injury in mice.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- Review
- Endothelial NMMHC IIA dissociation from PAR1 activates the CREB3/ARF4 signaling in thrombin-mediated intracerebral hemorrhage.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Phenotypic similarity of adverse drug reactions and disease phenotypes is a bridge to mechanistic discovery.npj drug discovery · 2025Article
- The Role of Complement C1qa in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Translational stroke research · 2025Article
- A minimally invasive thrombotic model to study stroke in awake mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Emergency Admission Plasma D-Dimer and Prothrombin Activity: Novel Predictors for Clinical Outcomes After Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke With Large Artery Occlusion.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota depletion accelerates hematoma resolution and neurological recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage via p-coumaric acid-promoted Treg differentiation.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Thrombin is increased in the brain after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke primarily due to the prothrombin entry from blood either with a hemorrhage or following blood-brain barrier disruption. Increasing evidence indicates that thrombin and its receptors (protease-activated receptors (PARs)) play a major role in brain pathology following ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (including intracerebral, intraventricular, and subarachnoid hemorrhage). Thrombin and PARs affect brain injury via multiple mechanisms that can be detrimental or protective. The cleavage of prothrombin into thrombin is the key step of hemostasis and thrombosis which takes place in every stroke and subsequent brain injury. The extravascular effects and direct cellular interactions of thrombin are mediated by PARs (PAR-1, PAR-3, and PAR-4) and their downstream signaling in multiple brain cell types. Such effects include inducing blood-brain-barrier disruption, brain edema, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death, although low thrombin concentrations can promote cell survival. Also, thrombin directly links the coagulation system to the immune system by activating interleukin-1α. Such effects of thrombin can result in both short-term brain injury and long-term functional deficits, making extravascular thrombin an understudied therapeutic target for stroke. This review examines the role of thrombin and PARs in brain injury following hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and the potential treatment strategies which are complicated by their role in both hemostasis and brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.