ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Serotype Patterns of Pneumococcal Disease in Adults Are Correlated With Carriage Patterns in Older Children.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Indirect Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Pneumococcal Colonization: Persistence and Dynamics of Vaccine Serotypes in Sicily (Italy) 11 Years Postintroduction, 2009-2020.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Recent developments of vaccines for older adults: Adjuvants and beyond.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Pneumococcal Carriage and Disease in Adults in England, 2011-2019: The Importance of Adults as a Reservoir for Pneumococcus in Communities.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Contact with young children is a major risk factor for pneumococcal colonization in older adults.FEMS microbes · 2024Article
- Persistence of Pneumococcal Carriage among Older Adults in the Community despite COVID-19 Mitigation Measures.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Characterization of Emerging Serotype 19A Pneumococcal Strains in Invasive Disease and Carriage, Belgium.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Immunosenescence and Altered Vaccine Efficiency in Older Subjects: A Myth Difficult to Change.Vaccines · 2022Review
- It Takes Two to Tango: Combining Conventional Culture With Molecular Diagnostics Enhances Accuracy ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Estimating the contribution of HIV-infected adults to household pneumococcal transmission in South Africa, 2016-2018: A hidden Markov modelling study.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Vaccine strategies to reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected adults in Africa.Expert review of vaccines · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe importance of specific serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) differs by age. Data on pneumococcal carriage in different age groups, along with data on serotype-specific invasiveness, could help explain these age-related patterns and their implications for vaccination.
methodsUsing pneumococcal carriage and disease data from Israel, we evaluated the association between serotype-specific IPD in adults and serotype-specific carriage prevalence among children in different age categories, while adjusting for serotype-specific invasiveness. We estimated carriage prevalence using different age groupings that were selected a priori. The Deviance Information Criterion was used to determine which age groupings of carriage data best fit the adult IPD data. Serotype-specific disease patterns were further evaluated by stratifying IPD data by comorbidity status.
resultsThe relative frequency of serotypes causing IPD differed between adults and children, and also differed between older and younger adults and between adults with and without comorbidities. Serotypes overrepresented as causes of IPD in adults were more commonly carried in older children compared with younger children. In line with this, the serotype-specific frequency of carriage in older children, rather than infants, best correlated with serotype-specific IPD in adults.
conclusionsThese analyses demonstrate that the serotype patterns in carriage in older children, rather than infants, are best correlated with disease patterns in adults. This might suggest these older children are more influential for disease patterns in adults. These insights could help in optimizing vaccination strategies to reduce disease burden across all ages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.