ReviewInfection and immunity2020
Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Functions in Gram-Positive Bacteria.
Review in Infection and immunity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
179 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 265 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles: powerful candidates in nano-drug delivery systems.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Pooled it
- Probiotic extracellular vesicles reprogram macrophage immunometabolism: From gut crosstalk to host health.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Emerging Postbiotic Effectors in Host-Microbe Crosstalk.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Probiotics and Extracellular Vesicles as Redox Modulators in Wound Healing: From Microbial Therapeutics to Engineered Nanotherapeutic Strategies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Towards a Scalable Production ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Gut Microbiome-Circadian Axis in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Quorum sensing rewires membrane vesicle protein cargo to promote antibiotic persistence inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Group B streptococcal membrane vesicles induce proinflammatory responses in neonatal meninges.Infection and immunity · 2026Article
- The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Post-Anesthesia Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles as multifunctional defense systems: Roles in immune evasion, phage interactions, and antimicrobial resistance.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Choosing the Right Extracellular Vesicle: Cross-Kingdom Immunological Functions Linking Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Strategic Interplay Between Pathogens and Hosts.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Enterococcus faecalis Extracellular Vesicles Deliver the Bacterial GTPase Obg to Hijack mTOR Signalling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles derived from Enterococcus faecalis: inflammatory activation does not require internalization.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Advances in Biological Functions and Applications of Feeding Microorganism-derived Extracellular Vesicles.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Long-Term Stability of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Stored at Different Temperatures.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in pregnancy-related disorders: from mechanisms to clinical implications.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Membrane Vesicles fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Liver Diseases.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived lipid bilayers secreted by bacteria and eukaryotic cells. Bacterial membrane vesicles were discovered over 60 years ago and have been extensively studied in Gram-negative bacteria. During their production, EVs are loaded with proteins, nucleic acids, and various compounds that are subsequently released into the environment. Depending on the packaged cargo, EVs have a broad spectrum of action and are involved in pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, nutrient uptake, and nucleic acid transfer. Due to differences in cell wall structure, EVs in Gram-positive bacteria have been disregarded for decades, and our understanding of their biogenesis and host cell interaction is incomplete. Recently, studies on bacteria such as
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.