GuidelineEpidemiology and infection2020
Alcohol-based hand sanitisers as first line of defence against SARS-CoV-2: a review of biology, chemistry and formulations.
Guideline in Epidemiology and infection, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Compared hand hygiene compliance among healthcare providers before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid review and meta-analysis.American journal of infection control · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Alcohol-Based Virucidal Hand Sanitizers on Skin Barrier Function-A Randomised Experimental Study.Contact dermatitis · 2025Trial
- Enhanced biocidal efficacy of alcohol based disinfectants with salt additives.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Virucidal activity of olanexidine gluconate against SARS-CoV-2.Access microbiology · 2025Article
- A critical evaluation of contents, labeling, and cost of hand sanitizers marketed in India during COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Updates and future directions regarding hand hygiene in the healthcare setting: insights from the 3rd ICPIC alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) task force.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
- A systematic overview of metal nanoparticles as alternative disinfectants for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Assessment of quality of commercial hand sanitizers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography.MethodsX · 2023Article
- Designing 3D-Printed Mesh-Covered Fluid Collecting Racks (MFCRs) to Prevent Moisture-Related COVID-19 Sampling Interruptions in Taiwan.Journal of acute medicine · 2023Article
- Hand Sanitizer Gels: Classification, Challenges, and the Future of Multipurpose Hand Hygiene Products.Toxics · 2023Review
- Determination of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and methanol in alcohol-based hand sanitiser to ensure product quality, safety and efficacy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Positive Correlation Between Heavy Alcoholic Drinking and SARS-Cov-2 Non-Infection Rate.Cureus · 2023Article
- Biorisk Management Features of a Temporary COVID-19 Hospital.Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding environmental friendly disinfectants for household use among residents of China in the post-pandemic period.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Alcohol-based Hand Sanitizers amid COVID-19: Chemical Formulation, Analysis, Safety.ChemistrySelect · 2022Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Inhalation of Nebulized Ethanol in COVID-19 Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Cureus · 2022Article
- Antiviral Properties ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Recycling of plastic wastes generated from COVID-19: A comprehensive illustration of type and properties of plastics with remedial options.The Science of the total environment · 2022Review
- Disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2: A Review.Viruses · 2022Review
- A novel inactivated virus system (InViS) for a fast and inexpensive assessment of viral disintegration.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a serious global public health issue. Since the start of the outbreak, the importance of hand-hygiene and respiratory protection to prevent the spread of the virus has been the prime focus for infection control. Health regulatory organisations have produced guidelines for the formulation of hand sanitisers to the manufacturing industries. This review summarises the studies on alcohol-based hand sanitisers and their disinfectant activity against SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. The literature shows that the type and concentration of alcohol, formulation and nature of product, presence of excipients, applied volume, contact time and viral contamination load are critical factors that determine the effectiveness of hand sanitisers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.