ArticleAnnals of rehabilitation medicine2020
Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided and Non-guided Botulinum Toxin Injection Into Neck Muscles Involved in Cervical Dystonia: A Cadaveric Study.
Article in Annals of rehabilitation medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pneumothorax Following Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Trapezius Hypertrophy.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Article
- Optimal target localization for botulinum toxin A in treating splenius muscles dystonia based on the distribution of intramuscular nerves and spindles.Anatomical science international · 2026Article
- Localization modalities for botulinum neurotoxin injection.Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2025Review
- Case Series and Literature Review on Botulinum Toxin Efficacy in Axial Extensor Truncal Dystonia.Toxins · 2025Review
- Comparing Injection Methods of Botulinum Toxin A for Cervical Dystonia: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparison of Guided and Unguided Botulinum Injections for Cervical Dystonia: EMG, Ultrasound, and Anatomic Landmarks.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Article
- Article
- Shoulder Spasticity Treatment With Botulinum Toxin: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey of Clinical Practices.Cureus · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Morphological characteristics of the posterior neck muscles and anatomical landmarks for botulinum toxin injections.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2021Article
- The Role of Ultrasound for the Personalized Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia.Toxins · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the accuracy of ultrasound-guided and non-guided botulinum toxin injections into the neck muscles involved in cervical dystonia.
methodsTwo physicians examined six muscles (sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, levator scapulae, splenius capitis, scalenus anterior, and scalenus medius) from six fresh cadavers. Each physician injected ultrasound-guided and non-guided injections to each side of the cadaver's neck muscles, respectively. Each physician then dissected the other physician's injected muscle to identify the injection results. For each injection technique, different colored dyes were used. Dissection was performed to identify the results of the injections. The muscles were divided into two groups based on the difficulty of access: sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius muscles (group A) and the levator scapulae, splenius capitis, scalenus anterior, and scalenus medius muscles (group B).
resultsThe ultrasound-guided and non-guided injection accuracies of the group B muscles were 95.8% and 54.2%, respectively (p<0.001), while the ultrasound-guided and non-guided injection accuracies of the group A muscles were 100% and 79.2%, respectively (p<0.05).
conclusionUltrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections into inaccessible neck muscles provide a higher degree of accuracy than non-guided injections. It may also be desirable to consider performing ultrasound-guided injections into accessible neck muscles.
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