ArticlePloS one2020
Incidence and factors associated with treatment failure among HIV infected adolescent and adult patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals of Northern Ethiopia: Multicenter retrospective study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Virologic failure and its determinants among HIV patients progress towards the third 95% global target in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the 10-Item HIV Stigma Scale for Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV in Rural, Southwestern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Viral failure and associated factors in adults on second line antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals of Harari Region and Dire Dawa administration, Eastern Ethiopia.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Robustness of viral load over CD4 cell count in measuring the quality of life of people with HIV at second line regimen in Amhara region.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Under-nutrition and its associated factors among adult second-line antiretroviral treatment users in Northern Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Predictors of antiretroviral treatment failure to the first line therapy: a cross-sectional study among Iranian HIV-positive adults.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A qualitative analysis of self-management needs of adolescents and young adults living with perinatally acquired HIV in rural, southwestern Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Mortality Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV Receiving Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural China.Current HIV research · 2024Article
- Second-line anti-retroviral treatment failure and its predictors among patients with HIV in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Time to Treatment Failure and Its Predictors Among Second-Line ART Clients in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Antiretroviral treatment failure and associated factors among people living with HIV on therapy in Homa Bay, Kenya: A retrospective study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Virological Failure Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy, in Selected Public Hospital of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Retrospective Follow-Up Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Article
- Effects of Chinese Medicine on the Survival of AIDS Patients Administered Second-Line ART in Rural Areas of China: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Real-World Data.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Joint Modeling of Incidence of Unfavorable Outcomes and Change in Viral Load Over Time Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy, in Selected Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Article
- The First Experience of Effective 3rd Line Antiretroviral Therapy - A Case of 40-Year-Old Female Retroviral-Infected Patient at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2021Article
- Predictors of Poor Adherence to CART and Treatment Failure at Second-Line Regimens Among Adults in Public Hospitals of Amhara Region, North-Western Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2021Article
- Treatment modification after second-line failure among people living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific.Antiviral therapy · 2020Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to determine the incidence and factors associated with treatment failure among HIV infected adolescent and adult patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in public hospitals of Northern Ethiopia.
methodsA retrospective study was conducted from September 1, 2007 to July 30, 2017 on 227 patients. The data were extracted using a retrieval checklist from the patient's charts. The incidence rate of treatment failure was calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess factors associated with treatment failure.
resultThe study subjects were followed for a total observation of 788.58 person-years with a median follow-up period of 35 (IQR: 17-60) months after switching to second-line ART. About 57 (25.11%) patients developed treatment failure, out of which, 32 (56.14%) occurred during the first two years. The overall incidence of second-line treatment failure was 72.3 per 1000 person years (95%CI: 55.75-93.71) of observation. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of cumulative treatment failure after 1, 2, and around 10 years of follow-up were 12.31% (95%CI: 8.60-17.45%), 14.99% (95%CI: 10.82%-20.57%), and 48.67% (95%CI: 32.45-67.81%) respectively. Age >45 years AHR = 3.33, 95%CI = 1.33-8.31), WHO stage IV (AHR = 3.63, 95%CI = 1.72-7.67), CD4 count <100 cells/mm3 (AHR = 3.79, 95%CI = 1.61-8.91), TB co-morbidity (AHR = 3.39 95%CI = 1.91-6.01) and poor adherence level (AHR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.89-6.96) at the start of second line ART were significantly associated with second-line ART failure.
conclusionIncidence of second-line ART treatment failure in the first 2 years of follow-up was high. The rate of second-line ART failure was higher in patients who started second-line ART with poor drug adherence, CD4 count <100 cells/mm3, TB co-morbidity, age >45 years, and being in WHO stage IV. Therefore, intensive counseling and adherence support should be given along with strong TB screening. Moreover, the government of Ethiopia should consider endorsing third-line ART drugs after careful cost-benefit analysis.
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