ArticleClinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)2021
Development pattern of tracheal cartilage in human embryos.
Article in Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tracheal anomalies associated with Down syndrome: A systematic review.Pediatric pulmonology · 2021Pooled it
- Review
- Anatomy and variations of the carina and its cartilaginous makeup: a cadaveric study.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2025Article
- BMP4 and Wnt signaling interact to promote mouse tracheal mesenchyme morphogenesis.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2022Article
- Three-Dimensional Analysis of Human Laryngeal and Tracheobronchial Cartilages during the Late Embryonic and Early Fetal Period.Cells, tissues, organs · 2022Article
- Development pattern of tracheal cartilage in human embryos.Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCongenital tracheal anomalies are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The etiology of congenital tracheal anomalies is not well understood, but often attributed to malformed tracheal cartilage. The development of tracheal cartilage has not been described in detail. In this study, we aimed to investigate the development pattern and timing of normal tracheal cartilage to better understand the etiology of tracheal anomalies. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe development of tracheal cartilage was examined by studying the trachea in histological sections of 14 healthy human embryos from the Carnegie collection. Two specimens for Carnegie Stages 17-23 (42-60 days of embryological development) were studied.
resultsAt Carnegie Stages 17-19 (42-51 days), a continuous mesenchymal condensation was observed ventral to the tracheal lumen. At Stages 20 and 21 (51-54 days), this pre-tracheal mesenchyme showed sites of increased condensation indicative of future tracheal rings. Furthermore, growth centers were identified both proximally and distally in the trachea. Characteristic horseshoe shaped tracheal rings were apparent at Carnegie Stages 22 and 23 (54-60 days).
conclusionsIn human embryos, tracheal rings arise from growth centers in the ventral mesenchyme at approximately 51-54 days of embryological development. The observation of proximal and distal growth centers suggests a centripetal growth gradient, potentially contributing to occurrence of complete tracheal ring deformity (CTRD). Although this study shows new insights on tracheal cartilage development, the exact origin of congenital tracheal defects has yet to be elucidated.
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