ArticleDiabetologia2021
Temporal trends in rates of infection-related hospitalisations in Hong Kong people with and without diabetes, 2001-2016: a retrospective study.
Article in Diabetologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination of people with solid tumors and diabetes: existing evidence and recommendations. A position statement from a multidisciplinary panel of scientific societies.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Guideline
- Association of Inpatient Diabetes Specialist Consultation with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes Hospitalized for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Trends in Potentially Avoidable Hospitalisations Among People With Diabetes in Ireland; 2015-2024.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Increased Risk of Infections in People Living With Diabetes.Diabetes · 2026Review
- Type 2 diabetes and the risk of hospitalisation and mortality from seasonal influenza: an observational register-based study in Sweden.BMJ open · 2026Observational
- Article
- Association Between Long-Term Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Hospitalized for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Observational
- Burden and risk factors of depression in seniors from 1990 to 2021: a multi-database study based on EMR mining methods.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Diabetes Mellitus and Infectious Diseases: Current Evidence and Clinical Implications.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Review
- Identifying and visualising temporal trajectories of hospitalisations for traditional and non-traditional complications in people with type 2 diabetes: a population-based study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus burden among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2021: a trend analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Article
- Contribution of infection to mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study using electronic records.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Diabetes and infection: review of the epidemiology, mechanisms and principles of treatment.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- Metformin and the risks of cellulitis, foot infections, and amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2024Article
- Association of Diabetes Mellitus With Increased Mortality in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Infections.Cureus · 2024Article
- Assessing the causal relationship between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy: insights from two-sample Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Acarbose reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory tract infection in type 2 diabetic mice.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels predict outcome in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Diabetes and infectious disease mortality in Mexico City.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Article
- The burden and risks of emerging complications of diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022 · on this mapReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisInfection is an under-recognised but important complication in people with diabetes. Studies on temporal trends in incidence of infection in this population are limited. We report the trends in infection-related hospitalisation in people with diabetes and compared hospitalisation rates between people with and without diabetes in Hong Kong.
methodsHospital admissions with infection, including pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, kidney infection, urinary tract infection, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, foot infection and sepsis, listed as principal diagnosis occurring between 2001 and 2016 were identified from people with diabetes in the electronic medical record system of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Data on hospitalisation for a subset of these infections in the general population between 2007 and 2016 were obtained from the Department of Health. The number of people with diabetes ranged between 117,322 in 2001 and 570,929 in 2016, and the number without diabetes ranged between 5,242,614 in 2007 and 5,593,153 in 2016. Joinpoint regression was used to describe the trends.
resultsIn people with diabetes, over a period of 16 years, the age-standardised annual rates of hospitalisation decreased for tuberculosis but increased for influenza; rates of hospitalisation for pneumonia increased up until 2004/2005 and declined in men and stabilised in women. The rates of hospitalisation for most infection types were unchanged or increased in the 20-44 year and 45-64 year age groups and decreased in those aged 65 years or above. Trends for most of the infections were similar when comparing sexes. Between 2007 and 2016, the rate ratios of hospitalisation for most infection types between people with and without diabetes were stable, and the rate ratios remained higher in people with diabetes, ranging from 1.3-1.4 for pneumonia to 3.2-4.9 for kidney infections in 2016 compared with non-diabetic individuals. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationDespite advances in medical care, hospitalisation due to infections remains a major healthcare burden in people with diabetes. Graphical abstract.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.