ArticleScientific reports2020
Alcohol abrogates human norovirus infectivity in a pH-dependent manner.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sensitivity Evaluation of Enveloped and Non-enveloped Viruses to Ethanol Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review.Food and environmental virology · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Cationic Nanogel Coated Norovirus VLP Nasal Vaccine Induces Neutralizing Mucosal IgA and Serum IgG Antibodies.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Progress in human intestinal organoid research: applications to acute gastroenteritis viruses.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Recovery of infectious recombinant human norovirus using zebrafish embryos.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- In Vitro Differential Virucidal Efficacy of Alcohol-Based Disinfectants Against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- H and B Blood Antigens Are Essential for In Vitro Replication of GII.2 Human Norovirus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Non-enveloped virus inactivation potency of sodium dodecyl sulfate with citric and glutamic acids.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Human norovirus cultivation systems and their use in antiviral research.Journal of virology · 2024Review
- Replication of Human Sapovirus in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Viruses · 2023Article
- Article
- Rapid Virucidal Activity of JapaneseApplied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Lactobacilli as a Vector for Delivery of Nanobodies against Norovirus Infection.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Virucidal activities of novel hand hygiene and surface disinfectant formulations containing EGCG-palmitates (EC16).American journal of infection control · 2022Article
- The Efficacy of Commercial Surface Sanitizers against Norovirus on Formica Surfaces with and without Inclusion of a Wiping Step.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Improper handling of vomitus as a risk factor in the human norovirus outbreak in a kindergarten in Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province, China.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Heat Inactivation of Human Norovirus in Freshwater Clams Using Human Intestinal Enteroids.Viruses · 2022Article
- Illuminating Human Norovirus: A Perspective on Disinfection of Water and Surfaces Using UVC, Norovirus Model Organisms, and Radiation Safety Considerations.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Commercial Hand Sanitizers Against Human Norovirus Evaluated by anFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 towards Alcohols: Potential for Alcohol-Related Toxicity in Humans.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alcohol-based disinfectants are widely used for the sanitization of microorganisms, especially those that cause infectious diseases, including viruses. However, since the germicidal mechanism of alcohol is lipolysis, alcohol-based disinfectants appear to have a minimal effect on non-enveloped viruses, such as noroviruses. Because there is no cultivation method for human norovirus (HuNoV) in vitro, murine norovirus and feline calicivirus have been used as surrogates for HuNoV to analyze the efficacy of disinfectant regents. Therefore, whether these disinfectants and their conditions are effective against HuNoVs remain unknown. In this study, we report that ethanol or isopropanol alone can sufficiently suppress GII.4 genotype HuNoV replication in human iPSC-derived intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, pH adjustments and salting-out may contribute toward the virucidal effect of alcohol against other HuNoV genotypes and cancel the impediment of organic substance contamination, respectively. Therefore, similar to sodium hypochlorite, alcohol-based disinfectants containing electrolytes can be used for HuNoV inactivation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.