ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2020
Barriers to Gender-affirming Surgery Consultations in a Sample of Transmasculine Patients in Boston, Mass.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Influencing Auditory Perception of Masculinity and Naturalness in Transmasculine Voices.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Urological care for sexual and gender minorities: a narrative review toward equitable care.Current opinion in urology · 2026Review
- Article
- Gender-Affirming Surgery Price Transparency and Online Information Availability in US Hospitals.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Queering Studies of Health and Bodily Experience: An Example From the Transgender Resilience and Health Study.American journal of biological anthropology · 2025Article
- Does every transgender person want gender affirming surgery? A survey of transgender individuals in the Midwestern United States.International journal of impotence research · 2025Article
- Gender-Affirming Surgical History, Satisfaction, and Unmet Needs Among Transgender Adults.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Collecting patient-reported outcomes data in transgender and gender diverse adults seeking surgery: barriers and facilitators from the patient perspective.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Acute Needs, ACUTE Response: Development and Delivery of a Mental Health Urgent Care in the Bronx.Community mental health journal · 2025Article
- Patient Satisfaction Following Top Surgery: A RealSelf Analysis Using Advanced Natural Language Processing.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Full and Partial Gender-Affirming Facial Surgeries Surgical Complications and Trends: Insights from a NSQIP Study.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- "They Think Transgender is Like Something on the Side:" Perceptions of Transgender Women of Color of Cisgender Members of the LGBTQIA+ "Community".Journal of homosexuality · 2025Article
- A scoping review of the literature exploring experiences in the trans and gender diverse community with chest binding practices.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- Temporary Declines and Demand Resurgence: Gender-Affirming Surgery Volume and Complication Trends During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Article
- The landscape of Medicare policies for gender-affirming surgeries in Canada: an environmental scan.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Impact of Sociodemographic and Hospital Factors on Inpatient Bilateral Reduction Mammaplasty: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- The Transgender and Gender Diverse and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Nexus: A Systematic Review.Journal of gay & lesbian mental health · 2024Article
- Article
- Antidepressant prescribing in transgender and nonbinary individuals diagnosed with gender dysphoria and mood or anxiety disorders.The mental health clinician · 2023Article
- Voices from a Multidisciplinary Healthcare Center: Understanding Barriers in Gender-Affirming Care-A Qualitative Exploration.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gender diverse people are increasingly pursuing gender-affirming surgery, but little is known about their experiences on accessing care. As part of the baseline assessment for an ongoing longitudinal study, we examined the types of barriers and self-reported out-of-pocket costs associated with gender-affirming surgery most commonly endorsed by transmasculine chest (top) and genital (bottom) surgery patients at their initial surgical consultation.
methodsA brief survey was administered to a clinical sample of transmasculine patients (n = 160; age ≥15 years) seeking a gender-affirming surgery at the Center for Gender Surgery in Boston, Mass. from April 2018 to February 2020.
resultsThe barriers most commonly endorsed by top surgery patients were insurance coverage and age. For bottom surgery patients, the most commonly endorsed barriers were getting mental health letters and readiness for surgery. Bottom surgery patients were also more likely to report barriers of readiness for surgery and cost of/access to hair removal, than top surgery patients (
conclusionsTransmasculine patients experience a variety of barriers when seeking gender-affirming surgery. Presurgical requirements, insurance access, and high out-of-pocket costs may hinder access to care for many transmasculine people seeking bottom surgery.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.