ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2020
Immunosuppressive Drugs and COVID-19: A Review.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global REnal Involvement of CORonavirus Disease 2019 (RECORD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Unveiling the transcriptomic landscape of coronavirus disease 2019 and psoriasis via systems biology-based analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Assessing the associations between immunosuppressant use and COVID-19 severity in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.World journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Calcineurin Inhibitors: Current Role, Toxicity Management, and Future Frontiers in Immunosuppression.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Mycophenolic acid treatment drives the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The DESTINIES Study: an online Delphi study to build international consensus on the medical conditions and procedures that confer immunosuppression and their respective COVID-19 risk profiles.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Modulation ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Outcomes and risk factors of COVID-19 in patients with bullous pemphigoid: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic bacteria and viruses to combat cancer: double-edged sword in cancer therapy: new insights for future.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Effects of Sirolimus on Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.Chest · 2024Article
- Approaches Towards Better Immunosuppressive Agents.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Outcome of COVID-19 in Egyptian living-donor kidney transplant recipients and relation to maintenance immunosuppressive drugs: a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- COVID-19-induced liver injury in infants, children, and adolescents.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2023Review
- Orthotopic Liver Transplantation of a SARS-CoV-2 Negative Recipient from a Positive Donor: The Border between Uncertainty and Necessity in a Pandemic Era- Case Report and Overview of the Literature.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Diagnosis, treatment protocols, and outcomes of liver transplant recipients infected with COVID-19.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Review
- An Erythrodermic Psoriasis Flare-Up With Staphylococcus Bacteremia Secondary to COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report.Cureus · 2023Article
- Preparing European Nephrology for the next pandemic: lessons from the ERACODA collaboration.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Article
- Phage-Derived Depolymerase: Its Possible Role for Secondary Bacterial Infections in COVID-19 Patients.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Association between COVID-19 and chronic liver disease: Mechanism, diagnosis, damage, and treatment.World journal of virology · 2023Review
- Declined Humoral Immunity of Kidney Transplant Recipients to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is currently unknown whether immunosuppressive drugs are advantageous or detrimental in patients with COVID-19. Immunosuppressive drugs could be harmful in the initial phase of COVID-19. In this phase, the host immune response is necessary to inhibit viral replication. However, immunosuppressive drugs might have a beneficial effect in the later, more severe phase of COVID-19. In this phase, an overshoot of the host immune response (the "cytokine storm") can cause ARDS, multiorgan failure and mortality.
aimTo summarize the available evidence on the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on infection with SARS-CoV-2. The effects of immunosuppressive drugs on similar pandemic coronaviruses may resemble the effects on SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we also included studies on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
methodsThe study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020181137). We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies with a control group and case-control studies concerning humans ≥ 18 years old. We also included RESULTS AND
conclusionSixty-nine studies were included. Interestingly, MPA inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.