ArticleJournal of orthopaedics
Relationship between tip-toe behavior and soleus - gastrocnemius muscle lengths in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
Article in Journal of orthopaedics. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Autistic Toe Walking: A Narrative Review for Interventions and Comparison with Idiopathic Toe Walking.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Postural Differences in Speaking Versus Non-Speaking Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Adolescent treadmill exercise enhances hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and improves cognition in autism-modeled rats.Physiology & behavior · 2024Article
- Intervention Based on Psychomotor Rehabilitation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD: Effect on Postural Control and Sensory Integration.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sensory Profile of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Tip-Toe Behavior: Results of an Observational Pilot Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Physiological Profile Assessment of Posture in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Peers.Brain sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAbout 20% of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) showed tip-toe behavior (TTB). This behavior may be related to a decreased ankle joint range of motion (ROM) in dorsiflexion. Physiologically, gastrocnemius (GM) and soleus (SM) muscles influence ankle ROM independently. However, no studies investigated the relationship between the amount of time individuals with ASD spend in TTB and GM and SM muscle lengths.
objectiveTo evaluate the relationship between three mutually exclusive clinical patterns of TTB i.e., during standing, walking and running (TTB Class 1), or during walking and running (TTB Class 2), or only when running (TTB Class 3), and GM and SM muscle lengths.
methodsSixty-nine individuals with ASD (average age: 14.1 ± 3.6 years, 56 males) were enrolled. In a clinical setting, SM and GM muscle lengths of both legs were assessed through a manual goniometer. Measurements were performed by two trained assessors blinded to TTB classifications.
resultsIndividuals with ASD classified as TTB Class 1 demonstrated a shortening of both GM and SM compared with NO-TTB and TTB Class 3 individuals.
conclusionsOur results support the relationship between TTB severity and GM and SM shortening assessed by a decreased ankle joint ROM in dorsiflexion. Further studies are needed to determine the factors associated with TTB and decreased ankle ROM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.