ArticleComputers & education2020
A systematic review of online examinations: A pedagogical innovation for scalable authentication and integrity.
Article in Computers & education, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Online exams buffer the anxiety-procrastination-achievement pathway for distance learners with disabilities.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Perceived challenges and improvement strategies for computer-based test in the nursing and midwifery council of nigeria final examination at a university in south eastern Nigeria.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Increased accessibility of computer-based testing for residency application to a hospital in Brazil with item characteristics comparable to paper-based testing: a psychometric studyJournal of educational evaluation for health professions · 2024Article
- Ensuring reliability in electronic examinations through UPPAAL-based trustworthy design.PeerJ. Computer science · 2024Article
- Unproctored online exams provide meaningful assessment of student learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Considering medical students' perception, concerns and needs for e-exam during COVID-19: a promising approach to improve subject specific e-exams.Medical education online · 2022Article
- Review
- Transforming MRCPsych theory examinations: digitisation and very short answer questions (VSAQs).BJPsych bulletin · 2022Article
- A phenomenological study of online assessment during a pandemic crisis: Insights from Malaysia, Lithuania, and Spain.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Emerging trends of online assessment systems in the emergency remote teaching period.Smart learning environments · 2022Article
- Application of Image Recognition Based on Wireless Sensors in Dance Teaching System.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Article
- Exam cheating and academic integrity breaches during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of internet search activity in Spain.Heliyon · 2021Article
- Teachers' views related the middle school curriculum for distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic.Education and information technologies · 2021Article
- A Systematic Review on AI-based Proctoring Systems: Past, Present and Future.Education and information technologies · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Digitization and automation across all industries has resulted in improvements in efficiencies and effectiveness to systems and process, and the higher education sector is not immune. Online learning, e-learning, electronic teaching tools, and digital assessments are not innovations. However, there has been limited implementation of online invigilated examinations in many countries. This paper provides a brief background on online examinations, followed by the results of a systematic review on the topic to explore the challenges and opportunities. We follow on with an explication of results from thirty-six papers, exploring nine key themes: student perceptions, student performance, anxiety, cheating, staff perceptions, authentication and security, interface design, and technology issues. While the literature on online examinations is growing, there is still a dearth of discussion at the pedagogical and governance levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.