ArticleParasitology2021
Article in Parasitology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The genome sequence of the gastric gland parasite,iScience · 2026Article
- Experimental Infection in Mice withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Molecular Epidemiological Survey ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Prevalence and novel genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rodents in the northern foothills of the Dabie Mountains, southeast Henan Province, China.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and genotype analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. in nine species of wild rodents in China.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- Molecular detection and genetic variability ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- European ground squirrels Spermophilus citellus (Linnaeus) do not share identical Cryptosporidium spp. with North American ground squirrels.Folia parasitologica · 2023Article
- Detection and Molecular Characterization ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Cryptosporidium infection in young dogs from Germany.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in pet hairless guinea pigs (Cavia Porcellus) from China.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Genotyping and subtyping of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis isolates from two wild rodent species in Gansu Province, China.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium species from domestic ruminants and wild reptiles in Cyprus.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Public health and ecological significance of rodents inOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- Review
- Cryptosporidium spp. in wild murids (Rodentia) from Corsica, France.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Genetic characterizations ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Wastewater-based epidemiology-surveillance and early detection of waterborne pathogens with a focus on SARS-CoV-2, Cryptosporidium and Giardia.Parasitology research · 2021Review
- An Update on ZoonoticAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The diversity and biology of Cryptosporidium that is specific for rats (Rattus spp.) are not well studied. We examined the occurrence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/sequencing targeting the small subunit rDNA (SSU), actin and HSP70 genes. Out of 343 faecal samples tested, none were positive by microscopy and 55 were positive by PCR. Sequence analysis of SSU gene revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium muris (n = 4), C. andersoni (n = 3), C. ryanae (n = 1), C. occultus (n = 3), Cryptosporidium rat genotype I (n = 23), Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (n = 16) and novel Cryptosporidium rat genotype V (n = 5). Spherical oocysts of Cryptosporidium rat genotype I obtained from naturally-infected rats, measuring 4.4-5.4 μm × 4.3-5.1 μm, were infectious to the laboratory rats, but not to the BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) nor Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The prepatent period was 3 days post infection and the patent period was longer than 30 days. Naturally- and experimentally-infected rats showed no clinical signs of disease. Percentage of nucleotide similarities at the SSU, actin, HSP70 loci between C. ratti n. sp. and the rat derived C. occultus and Cryptosporidium rat genotype II, III, IV, and V ranged from 91.0 to 98.1%. These genetic variations were similar or greater than that observed between closely related species, i.e. C. parvum and C. erinacei (93.2-99.5%). Our morphological, genetic and biological data support the establishment of Cryptosporidium rat genotype I as a new species, Cryptosporidium ratti n. sp.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.