ArticleAutism : the international journal of research and practice2021
Characteristics of toddlers with early versus later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.
Article in Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Diagnostic Potential of Eye Tracking to Detect Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Young Children with Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Analysis of the Pupillary Light Reflex Response Against Light Stimuli for Autism Screening in Children.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Rationale and Methods for the Prospective Genetic Risk Evaluation and Assessment (PROGRESS) in Autism Center at Columbia University.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Enigma of autism regression mechanistic pathways, clinical phenotypes, and early intervention implications.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Psychedelics and Autism Therapy: A Review of Current Research and Future Directions.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Regulatory Problems in Infancy: Prevalence and Association With Early Neurodevelopmental and Medical Conditions in Toddlers.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Article
- Use of Telehealth in Autism Spectrum Disorder Assessment in Children: Evaluation of an Online Diagnostic Protocol Including the Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Blood-based DNA methylation markers for autism spectrum disorder identification using machine learning.Epigenomics · 2025Article
- Developmental Disturbances in Animal Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Developmental neurobiology · 2025Review
- Age of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis and Patient-Centered Medical Home Components.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2025Observational
- The Use of Griffiths III in the Appraisal of the Developmental Profile in Autism: A Systematic Search and Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Missed Early Intervention Opportunities for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Implementation of M-Chat for Screening of Early Signs of Autism in the Brazilian Health Care System: A Feasibility Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Clinical and sociodemographic factors related to the timing of autism diagnosis in an Italian cohort of children.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Autism in Preschool-Aged Children: The Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Comparison between the Clancy Behavior Scale and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in Taiwan.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Body mass index is an overlooked confounding factor in existing clustering studies of 3D facial scans of children with autism spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales to Evaluate a Developmental Profile of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Symptomatologic Severity.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
lay abstractThe emergence of autism symptoms in childhood is variable, with some children showing signs of autism spectrum disorder very early, and others not being identified until much later. Although most children in the United States are not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder until preschool, at ages 3-4 years, symptoms can be reliably detected at 14 months. It is less certain how those toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder earlier versus later differ from each other clinically. This study revealed that young children diagnosed later in development, between ages 25 and 41 months, are more impaired on measures of cognitive, adaptive, and social functioning than their counterparts who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder earlier. All young children with autism spectrum disorder are impaired in communication to a similar degree, however. Universal autism screening at 18 months may identify toddlers with autism spectrum disorder when their symptoms are milder and more readily amenable to intervention. Repeated screening at 24 months is supported to detect those children missed by an earlier screening, who may be more severely affected. Caregivers should be encouraged to pursue diagnostic evaluation at an initial positive screening result to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.