ArticleSleep medicine2021
Owls and larks do not exist: COVID-19 quarantine sleep habits.
Article in Sleep medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Validation of the Caen Chronotype Questionnaire: Exploring the added value of amplitude and correlations with actigraphy.Chronobiology international · 2025Article
- Depression and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating roles of chronotype and sleep quality.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Insomnia symptoms predict longer COVID-19 symptom duration.Sleep medicine · 2023Article
- Association between quarantine and sleep disturbance in Hong Kong adults: The mediating role of COVID-19 mental impact and distress.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Sleep Disturbance and Immunological Consequences of COVID-19.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Review
- Unprecedented times and uncertain connections: A systematic review examining sleep problems and screentime during the COVID-19 pandemic.Sleep epidemiology · 2022Article
- Increased sleep duration and delayed sleep timing during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Morningness-eveningness preference and shift in chronotype during COVID-19 as predictors of mood and well-being in university students.Personality and individual differences · 2022Article
- Circadian disturbances, sleep difficulties and the COVID-19 pandemic.Sleep medicine · 2022Review
- Sleep disorders and COVID-19.Sleep medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Sleep Quality Impairment Is Associated With Pandemic Attitudes During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Circuit Breaker Lockdown in England: A Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the movement behaviors of children and youth: A scoping review of evidence after the first year.Journal of sport and health science · 2021Article
- Pre-pandemic sleep behavior and adolescents' stress during Covid-19: a prospective longitudinal study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2021Article
- Poor Sleep Quality and Its Relationship with Individual Characteristics, Personal Experiences and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Sleep in Older Adults and Its Possible Relations With COVID-19.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Article
- COVID-19 Pandemic on Fire: Evolved Propensities for Nocturnal Activities as a Liability Against Epidemiological Control.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe coronavirus pandemic presented a unique opportunity to study the daily temporal patterns and sleep habits of humans. The question to be explored was: Are there discernible differences in sleep between the normal operational environment and the stay-at-home condition?
methodsThis international prospective study analyzed results from the sleep-wake patterns questionnaire, daily logs, and interviews. Surveys were administered to the healthy volunteers (age 15-60 y) with stay-at-home for a month or more, without previous sleep disorders and mood-related complaints; volunteers were not involved in online education/work daily timetable-related activities.
resultsWe analyzed 3787 subjects with average stay-at-home of 65 ± 9 days. The most significant changes in sleep occurred during the first ten days when the difference between weekdays and weekends disappeared and changes occurred in napping habits. The majority of the participants (66.8%) shifted toward eveningness when the self-selected sleep was possible and 1869 volunteers appeared to be owls (49.4%), 823 (21.7%) exercised "typical" sleep, 478 (12.6%) were larks, and 617 (16.3%) participants were completely desynchronized to the end of stay-at-home. In addition, 497 participants (13.1%) alternated their sleep habits. The most of the desynchronized participants (n = 414) were older than 50 years (age correlation r = 0.80), and predominantly males (n = 297, r = 0.76).
conclusionIn self-selected sleep conditions, the timing of sleep and sleep habits significantly differ from those of socially and economically fixed daily routine conditions. The changes in daily temporal patterns of humans during a prolonged stay-at-home situation indicate that human sleep habits may change according to existing living conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.