ReviewThe American journal of medicine2021
History of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19.
Review in The American journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital imaging, technologies and artificial intelligence applications during COVID-19 pandemic.Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society · 2021Pooled it
- Ciprofloxacin versus Aminoglycoside-Ciprofloxacin for Bubonic Plague.The New England journal of medicine · 2025Trial
- CRISPR-Cas and Infectious Diseases: A Decade of Translational Advances in Molecular Biotechnology.Biochemical genetics · 2026Review
- Plant Biofactories for Vaccination: Progress in Edible Vaccine Technologies as a Sustainable Approach to Global Immunization.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Extraoral Detection of Biomarkers and Pathogens in Saliva: Comprehensive, Panoramic Review.Biosensors · 2026Review
- An Overview of the Genetic Diversity and Epidemiological Potential ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A high-penetrance intergenic variant at 9p21 confers melanoma susceptibility.Research square · 2026Article
- Temporal shifts in polygenic traits track major epidemics in Western Eurasia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A prospective cohort study to describe the morphology of buboes in patients with bubonic plague using ultrasound imaging.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Establishment and application of a quadruple target real-time PCR assay for detecting Yersinia pestis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Interaction of Bacteria and Fleas, Focusing on the Plague Bacterium-A Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Plagued by the Past, Pressed by the Present: A One Health Perspective onBiomedicines · 2025Review
- Mental Health Outcomes and Occupational Stress Among Malaysian Frontline Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Whole genome sequencing of Yersinia pestis isolates from Central Asian natural plague foci revealed the role of adaptation to different hosts and environmental conditions in shaping specific genotypes.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The polyadenylase PAPI is required for virulence plasmid maintenance in pathogenic bacteria.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Identifying Settler Colonial Determinants of Health (SCDH) as the Upstream Cause of Palestinian Ill Health Is Both Incorrect and Harmful.Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2025Review
- Multiplex PCR System for the Diagnosis of Plague.Current molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Microbiota-based biomarkers of infection risk in patients undergoing vascular endograft implantation: a pilot study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Molecular dynamics simulation analysis of a modelled spermidine synthase fromBioinformation · 2025Article
- Pandemic-Proofing: Intercepting Zoonotic Spillover Events.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the fourteenth century, the bubonic plague or Black Death killed more than one third of Europe or 25 million people. Those afflicted died quickly and horribly from an unseen menace, spiking high fevers with suppurative buboes (swellings). Its causative agent is Yersinia pestis, creating recurrent plague cycles from the Bronze Age into modern-day California and Mongolia. Plague remains endemic in Madagascar, Congo, and Peru. This history of medicine review highlights plague events across the centuries. Transmission is by fleas carried on rats, although new theories include via human body lice and infected grain. We discuss symptomatology and treatment options. Pneumonic plague can be weaponized for bioterrorism, highlighting the importance of understanding its clinical syndromes. Carriers of recessive familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) mutations have natural immunity against Y. pestis. During the Black Death, Jews were blamed for the bubonic plague, perhaps because Jews carried FMF mutations and died at lower plague rates than Christians. Blaming minorities for epidemics echoes across history into our current coronavirus pandemic and provides insightful lessons for managing and improving its outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.