ArticleDiabetologia2021
Mortality in first- and second-generation immigrants to Sweden diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: a 10 year nationwide cohort study.
Article in Diabetologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Type 2 diabetes complications in ethnic minority compared with European host populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 infection as a trigger of type 2 diabetes in adults: a population-based cohort study in Sweden using a double negative control design.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Inequalities in type 2 diabetes incidence in a multiethnic population: a cohort study investigating the impact of ethnicity, migration and mental health comorbidities.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- A 15-year registry based follow up study of site specific cancer mortality among immigrants with type 2 diabetes in Sweden.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevention of type 2 diabetes in migrant populations from low- and middle-income countries living in high-income countries.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Long lives, poor health? A comprehensive review of the evidence among international migrants.British medical bulletin · 2025Review
- Disparities in overall and site-specific cancer mortality among immigrant generations in Sweden: a nationwide follow-up study over 3 decades.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Childhood socioeconomic background and elevated mortality among the young adult second generation in Sweden: a population-based cohort study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality in Iraqi- and Swedish-born individuals in Sweden: the MEDIM cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Favorable fatty acid composition in adipose tissue in healthy Iraqi- compared to Swedish-born men - a pilot study using MRI assessment.Adipocyte · 2022Article
- Mortality Advantage Reversed: The Causes of Death Driving All-Cause Mortality Differentials Between Immigrants, the Descendants of Immigrants and Ancestral Natives in Sweden, 1997-2016.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2022Article
- Depression was associated with younger age, female sex, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity, in 1027 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a Swedish multicentre cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- Insulin secretion and action with increasing age - A comparison between Middle Eastern immigrants and native Swedes.Heliyon · 2022Article
- GWAS in people of Middle Eastern descent reveals a locus protective of kidney function-a cross-sectional study.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Type 2 diabetes burden among migrants in Europe: unravelling the causal pathways.Diabetologia · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisNon-Western immigrants to Europe are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. In this nationwide study including incident cases of type 2 diabetes, the aim was to compare all-cause mortality (ACM) and cause-specific mortality (CSM) rates in first- and second-generation immigrants with native Swedes.
methodsPeople living in Sweden diagnosed with new-onset pharmacologically treated type 2 diabetes between 2006 and 2012 were identified through the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. They were followed until 31 December 2016 for ACM and until 31 December 2012 for CSM. Analyses were adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, socioeconomic status, education, treatment and region. Associations were assessed using Cox regression analysis.
resultsIn total, 138,085 individuals were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 2006 and 2012 and fulfilled inclusion criteria. Of these, 102,163 (74.0%) were native Swedes, 28,819 (20.9%) were first-generation immigrants and 7103 (5.1%) were second-generation immigrants with either one or both parents born outside Sweden. First-generation immigrants had lower ACM rate (HR 0.80 [95% CI 0.76, 0.84]) compared with native Swedes. The mortality rates were particularly low in people born in non-Western regions (0.46 [0.42, 0.50]; the Middle East, 0.41 [0.36, 0.47]; Asia, 0.53 [0.43, 0.66]; Africa, 0.47 [0.38, 0.59]; and Latin America, 0.53 [0.42, 0.68]). ACM rates decreased with older age at migration and shorter stay in Sweden. Compared with native Swedes, first-generation immigrants with ≤ 24 years in Sweden (0.55 [0.51, 0.60]) displayed lower ACM rates than those spending >24 years in Sweden (0.92 [0.87, 0.97]). Second-generation immigrants did not have better survival rates than native Swedes but rather displayed higher ACM rates for people with both parents born abroad (1.28 [1.05, 1.56]). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationIn people with type 2 diabetes, the lower mortality rate in first-generation non-Western immigrants compared with native Swedes was reduced over time and was equalised in second-generation immigrants. These findings suggest that acculturation to Western culture may impact ACM and CSM in immigrants with type 2 diabetes but further investigation is needed. Graphical abstract.
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