SynthesisInternational journal of colorectal disease2021
Evaluating the efficacy of treatment options for anal intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review.
Synthesis in International journal of colorectal disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Treatment Modalities: A Systematic Review.ANZ journal of surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Outcomes reported in studies of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions treatments: systematic review.BJS open · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions for anal canal intraepithelial neoplasia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- German-Austrian guideline on screening for anal dysplasia and anal carcinoma in people living with HIV.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2025Guideline
- Comparing and contrasting clinical consensus and guidelines for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in different geographical regions.Updates in surgery · 2021Pooled it
- [Update on anal dysplasia and anal cancer].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Anal Cancer Screening and High-Resolution Anoscopy: What Surgeons Should Know.ANZ journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Anal HPV in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Closer Look at Pathogenesis and Clinical Management.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review of Treatment Outcomes.Cancers · 2026Review
- First proctological application of a noncontact nitrous oxide cryotherapy device treating nonmalignant intra- and perianal HPV-related lesions.Techniques in coloproctology · 2026Article
- Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: identification, classification, and management.The British journal of surgery · 2026Review
- Treatment Options for Anal Neoplasia: Going from Anal Dysplasia to Anal Cancer.Clinics in colon and rectal surgery · 2026Review
- Short-term efficacy and safety of COFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Radiation therapy in anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions-a pattern of care analysis in German-speaking countries.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2025Article
- Safety, feasibility, and short-term-outcome of anal endoscopic submucosal dissection for anal intraepithelial neoplasia: an option for focal lesions?Techniques in coloproctology · 2023Article
- Cost-effectiveness of screening and treating anal pre-cancerous lesions among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men living with HIV.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Anal Cancer in High-Risk Women: The Lost Tribe.Cancers · 2022Review
- Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Impact and Effectiveness in Six High-Risk Populations: A Systematic Literature Review.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Intra-Anal Imiquimod Cream against Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV: A Single-Arm, Open-Label Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- The Role of Demographics, Social Deprivation and Ethnicity on Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Incidence in England.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAnal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is the accepted precursor of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). There has long been a hypothesis that treating AIN may prevent ASCC. Many different treatment modalities have been suggested and studied. We conducted this systematic review to evaluate their efficacy and the evidence as to whether we can prevent ASCC by treating AIN.
methodsMEDLINE and EMBASE were electronically searched using relevant search terms. All studies investigating the use of a single treatment for AIN that reported at least one end outcome such as partial or complete response to treatment, recurrence after treatment and/or ASCC diagnosis after treatment were included.
resultsThirty studies were included in the systematic review investigating 10 treatment modalities: 5% imiquimod, 5-fluorouracil, cidofovir, trichloroacetic acid, electrocautery, surgical excision, infrared coagulation, radiofrequency ablation, photodynamic therapy and HPV vaccination. All treatment modalities demonstrated some initial regression of AIN after treatment; however, recurrence rates were high especially in HIV-positive patients. Many of the studies suffered from significant bias which prevented direct comparison.
conclusionsAlthough the theory persists that by inducing the regression of AIN, we may be able to reduce the risk of ASCC, there was no clinical evidence within the literature advocating that treating AIN does prevent ASCC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.