ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2020
Innate immunity during SARS-CoV-2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tissue factor in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy.Thrombosis research · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19, corticosteroids and public health: a reappraisal.Public health · 2021Pooled it
- Development of a Novel Pan-Species Multi-Epitope Vaccine (PS-MEV) Targeting Nine Staphylococcus Species to Combat Antibiotic Resistance.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Review
- Antioxidant-Rich Functional Foods and Exercise: Unlocking Metabolic Health Through Nrf2 and Related Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cell-cell crosstalk in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.Tissue barriers · 2025Review
- Review
- Natural and socio-environmental factors in the transmission of COVID-19: a comprehensive analysis of epidemiology and mechanisms.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Advances and Challenges in COVID-19 and Pneumonia.Viruses · 2024Article
- Differential Transcriptomic Landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Multiple Organs from Infected Rhesus Macaques.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Plausibility of natural immunomodulators in the treatment of COVID-19-A comprehensive analysis and future recommendations.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Structural and non-structural proteins in SARS-CoV-2: potential aspects to COVID-19 treatment or prevention of progression of related diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Immune evasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2); molecular approaches.Molecular immunology · 2023Review
- Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in Iran during six waves of the pandemic.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Prospective Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in COVID-19: Prognosis, Therapeutic and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Potent SARS-CoV2-specific T-cell response in asymptomatic hemodialysis patients with hidden COVID-19 infection history.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023Article
- Current hotspot and study trend of innate immunity in COVID-19: a bibliometric analysis from 2020 to 2022.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The impact of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2023Review
- Neuro-Immune Interactions in Severe COVID-19 Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Gut as an Alternative Entry Route for SARS-CoV-2: Current Evidence and Uncertainties of Productive Enteric Infection in COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Innate immune sensing of viral molecular patterns is essential for development of antiviral responses. Like many viruses, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved strategies to circumvent innate immune detection, including low cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) levels in the genome, glycosylation to shield essential elements including the receptor-binding domain, RNA shielding and generation of viral proteins that actively impede anti-viral interferon responses. Together these strategies allow widespread infection and increased viral load. Despite the efforts of immune subversion, SARS-CoV-2 infection activates innate immune pathways inducing a robust type I/III interferon response, production of proinflammatory cytokines and recruitment of neutrophils and myeloid cells. This may induce hyperinflammation or, alternatively, effectively recruit adaptive immune responses that help clear the infection and prevent reinfection. The dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system due to down-regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, together with the activation of type I/III interferon response, and inflammasome response converge to promote free radical production and oxidative stress. This exacerbates tissue damage in the respiratory system, but also leads to widespread activation of coagulation pathways leading to thrombosis. Here, we review the current knowledge of the role of the innate immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection, much of which is based on the knowledge from SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses. Understanding how the virus subverts the initial immune response and how an aberrant innate immune response contributes to the respiratory and vascular damage in COVID-19 may help to explain factors that contribute to the variety of clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.