ArticlePsychopharmacology2021
The synthetically produced predator odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline increases alcohol self-administration and alters basolateral amygdala response to alcohol in rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stress-coping behavior during predator odor exposure is associated with differences in decision making.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- Stress-coping behavior during predator odor exposure is associated with differences in decision making.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The persistent effects of exposure to a predator odor stressor on sensitivity to alcohol.Addiction neuroscience · 2025Article
- Predator scent stress reduces oxycodone self-administration and the nucleus accumbens dopamine response to oxycodone in female rats.Addiction neuroscience · 2025Article
- Traumatic stress-enhanced ethanol drinking: Sex, but not stress responsivity, alters sensitivity to the effects of a CRF-R1 antagonist and a GPR39 agonist in mice.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Rat Models in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Research: Strengths, Limitations, and Implications for Translational Studies.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Review
- Effects of acute stress on reward processing: A comprehensive meta-analysis of rodent and human studies.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Review
- Predator odor stress reactivity, alcohol drinking and the endocannabinoid system.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Traumatic stress-enhanced alcohol drinking: Sex differences and animal model perspectives.Current addiction reports · 2024Article
- Predator Odor Stressor, 2,3,5-Trimethyl-3-Thiazoline (TMT): Assessment of Stress Reactive Behaviors During an Animal Model of Traumatic Stress in Rats.Current protocols · 2024Article
- Article
- Predator odor (TMT) exposure potentiates interoceptive sensitivity to alcohol and increases GABAergic gene expression in the anterior insular cortex and nucleus accumbens in male rats.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- The effects of predator odor (TMT) exposure and mGluNeuropharmacology · 2022Article
- FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ESCALATION OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
- An operant ethanol self-administration paradigm that discriminates between appetitive and consummatory behaviors reveals distinct behavioral phenotypes in commonly used rat strains.Neuropharmacology · 2021Article
- Increased alcohol self-administration following exposure to the predator odor TMT in active coping female rats.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Artificial Intelligence Identified Resilient and Vulnerable Female Rats After Traumatic Stress and Ethanol Exposure: Investigation of Neuropeptide Y Pathway Regulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric illness that can increase the risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD). While clinical data has been useful in identifying similarities in the neurobiological bases of these disorders, preclinical models are essential for understanding the mechanism(s) by which stressors increase the risk for escalated alcohol consumption. The purpose of these studies was to examine if exposure of male Long-Evans rats to the synthetically derived predator odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT; a component of fox feces) would increase sweetened alcohol self-administration, potentially by facilitating transfer of salience towards cues, and alter neuronal response to alcohol as measured by the immediate early gene c-Fos. In experiment 1, rats exposed to repeated (4×) TMT showed reductions in port entries in Pavlovian conditioned approach and increases in sweetened alcohol self-administration. In experiment 2, rats exposed to repeated TMT showed blunted basolateral amygdala c-Fos response to alcohol. In experiment 3, rats exposed to single, but not repeated TMT, showed increases in sweetened alcohol self-administration, and no change in anxiety-like behavior or hyperarousal. In experiment 4, rats continued to show a significant corticosterone response to TMT after repeated exposures. In summary, exposure of male rats to TMT can cause escalations in sweetened alcohol self-administration and reduction in BLA response to alcohol. These studies outline and utilize a novel preclinical model that can be used to further neurobiological understanding of the emergence of escalated alcohol consumption following stress exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.