ArticleJournal of optometry
Introducing a new method of retinoscopy for refraction of infants and young children: The "Mirza" tele lens retinoscopy.
Article in Journal of optometry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinoscopes: Past and present.World journal of methodology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to evaluate the refractive error of the uncooperative infants and children with the new method of retinoscopy called the tele-lens ("Mirza") retinoscopy.
methodsIn the "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy, the examiner placed the trial lenses in 1/3 distance between the tested eye person and peephole of the retinoscope (22.2 cm far from the spectacle plane). First, the optical calculations were done to find the correction factors for this new method of retinoscopy. Second, the dry standard and "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy were performed in 78 eyes from 39 children aged 7-12 years with good cooperation and next, the procedure was repeated using cyclopentolate drops and then the results of the two methods were compared, and at the end, the dry "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy was done in the 60 eyes of 31 uncooperative infants with a mean age of 21.85 ± 8.79 months for evaluating the feasibility of the "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy procedure. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot for assessment of agreement between the findings of two retinoscopic methods in dry and cyclo conditions were used.
resultsThe comparison between the dry standard and "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopic results with means of 1.39 ± 1.43 and1.36 ± 1.39, respectively were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Besides, comparing the mean cycloplegic results of two methods (standard vs. "Mirza" tele-lens), the difference was not statistically significant (2.37 ± 1.44 vs. 2.41 ± 1.37) (p > 0.05). Moreover, Two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant retinoscopy method × use of drops interaction (P = 0.103) in comparing two methods of the standard and "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy. ICC results indicated high agreement between two methods in both dry (ICC = 0.993) and cyclo (ICC = 0.989) conditions.
conclusionsThe "Mirza" tele-lens retinoscopy method can be performed with satisfactory results in infants and children who do not cooperate for the standard procedure of measuring the refractive errors.
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