SynthesisBrazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology
Olfactory impairment and the risk of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Obesity, Olfaction and Cognition: A Systematic Review.Current obesity reports · 2025Pooled it
- Olfactory Impairment and Incident Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Pooled it
- Olfactory Dysfunction as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Journal of diabetes research · 2024Pooled it
- Psychosocial Factors Mediate the Relationship Between Olfactory Function and Cognitive Frailty in Older Adults: A Structural Equation Modelling.Australasian journal on ageing · 2026Article
- Diagnosis of Anosmia in Middle Age, But Not in Older Adulthood, Increases Alzheimer Dementia Risk.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2025Article
- Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using the MEMORIES mnemonic.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2025Review
- The Association of Allergy-Related and Non-Allergy-Related Olfactory Impairment with Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Two Cross- Sectional Studies.Current Alzheimer research · 2024Article
- Understanding the Prevalence and Risk Factor Profile of Olfactory Impairment and Its Impact on Patient Health Indicators and Economic Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older Asian Adults.Innovation in aging · 2024Article
- Potential Role for Diet in Mediating the Association of Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline: A Nationally Representative Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- Temporal Appearance of Enhanced Innate Anxiety in Alzheimer Model Mice.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- Clinical significance of the cognition-related pathogenic proteins in plasma neuronal-derived exosomes among normal cognitive adults over 45 years old with olfactory dysfunction.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Article
- Olfactory, Auditory, and Vestibular Performance: Multisensory Impairment Is Significantly Associated With Incident Cognitive Impairment.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- A Pilot Study of Self-Rated and Psychophysical Olfactory Dysfunction in Men Living with HIV.Chemosensory perception · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe prediction of the impact of olfactory impairment on cognitive decline in older adults has been different among different age groups.
objectiveThis meta-analysis sought to estimate the predictive power of olfactory impairment on cognitive decline during follow-up in older adults of different ages. MATERIAL AND
methodsA medical literature search was carried out using these databases for eligible studies: MEDLINE, COCHRANE and EMBASE. Studies recording olfaction and cognition detection at the beginning and end of the follow-up were included in the preliminary screening. The medical records of older adults without cognitive impairment at the beginning of the follow-up were taken into account in this analysis. Raw data was extracted in order to estimate the relative risk and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Subgroup analysis of age was performed to eliminate the effect of age on the results. Statistical heterogeneity was measured using the I
resultsEight studies were enrolled in this analysis (3237 events and 13165 participants), and the pooled relative risk for the 70-80 years old subgroup was 2.00 (95% CI=1.79-2.23).
conclusionRelatively, there is a higher risk of cognitive impairment at the end of follow-up in younger adults with olfactory impairment at the beginning of follow-up. The length of follow-up has a little effect on the relative risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.