SynthesisBMC public health2020
Prevalence and genotype distribution of genital human papillomavirus infection in female sex workers in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distribution of high- and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes and their prophylactic vaccination coverage among West African women: systematic review.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- The pattern of human papillomavirus infection and genotypes among Nigerian women from 1999 to 2019: a systematic review.Annals of medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes and associated HIV co-infection in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune Dysregulation and Viral Persistence in HPV-HIV Coinfection: Oncogenic and Clinical Implications.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among female sex workers (FSW) in Jashore, Bangladesh.PloS one · 2026Article
- A qualitative exploration of perceived risks, motivations, and risk management strategies among brothel-based female sex workers in Ibadan, Nigeria.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Expanding access to HPV screening through community health insurance schemes: lessons from a screening exercise for teachers in Ghana.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes extended prevalence in the female population from a city in Northern Chile.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Taking it to their doorstep: outreach well-woman clinics in brothels for cervical cancer screening of female sex workers in North-Western Nigeria.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among West African populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Review
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Genotypic Disparities Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Women in Africa.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Syndemic Synergy of HPV, HIV, and HSV-2 for Oncogenic HPV Replication in Female Sex Workers.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Successful Retrieval of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Veil-Based Collected Female Genital Secretions After Long-Term Storage in Universal Transport Medium.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- High Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Poor Sensitivity and Specificity of Screening Algorithms for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Among Female Sex Workers in Zimbabwe: Analysis of Respondent-Driven Sampling Surveys in 3 Communities.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Women's experiences and acceptability of self-administered, home delivered, intravaginal 5-Fluorouracil cream for cervical precancer treatment in Kenya.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among Kurdish people, Iran.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Women's experiences and acceptability of self-administered, home delivered, intravaginal 5-Fluorouracil cream for cervical precancer treatment in Kenya.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFemale sex workers (FSWs) are amongst the most susceptible groups to acquire human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and consequently, to develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to provide estimates of the pooled prevalence of HPV infection and the distribution of HPV types among FSWs across the world.
methodsFive computerized databases were searched for relevant studies published since the inception date of databases to September 2019. The pooled HPV prevalence was calculated by the random effect model described by DerSimonian-Laird. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the probable sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was performed using the "Metaprop" function in the R package Meta.
resultsSixty-two studies involving 21,402 FSWs from 33 countries were included in this meta-analysis, and the pooled HPV prevalence was 42.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 38.5-46.7%). HPV-16 (10.1, 95% CI: 8.2-12.5%), HPV-52 (7.9, 95% CI: 5.9-10.7%), and HPV-53 (6.0, 95% CI: 4.4-8.1%) were the most common high-risk HPV types identified among FSWs. The pooled estimated prevalence of HPV infection among FSWs before and after 2010 were slightly different, 43.6% (95% CI: 36.1-51.4%) and 41.9% (95% CI: 37.2-46.8%), respectively.
conclusionDue to the high prevalence of HPV infection, particularly with high-risk types, FSWs have a great susceptibility to the development of cervical and vaginal cancers. Furthermore, they can transmit their infection to their clients, which may result in a high prevalence of HPV and the incidence of HPV-associated malignancies among the general population.
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