ArticleBMC infectious diseases2020
Plasmid mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Kenya.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global trends of antimicrobial resistance rates inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- The frequency of mutations in theFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Plasmid-mediated resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical strains from South Poland, 2014-2021.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- World Health Organization-Recommended Periodic Presumptive Treatment Versus Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Sexually Transmitted Infection Control Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Kenya: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- A Review of Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Its Implications for Antimicrobial Resistance and the Human Microbiome.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Genomic diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in Kenya revealed by MLST, NG-MAST, and NG-STAR typing.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections and associated risk factors among pregnant women and key populations in Kenya: A multi-centre cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Emerging epidemic of the Africa-type plasmid in penicillinase-producingEmerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- High prevalence and emerging cephalosporin resistance of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Meizhou, China (2022-2024).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Tetracycline-resistantJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Phenotypic and genotypic characterization ofMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Identification of Emerging Multidrug-ResistantMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Current Susceptibility Surveillance and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Bioinformatics tools used for whole-genome sequencing analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a literature review.Briefings in functional genomics · 2022Review
- High-Resolution Melting Analysis to Detect Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in South AfricanInternational journal of microbiology · 2022Article
- Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Efflux Pump Gene Expression in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolates from South Africa by Quantitative Real-Time PCR and Regression Analysis.International journal of microbiology · 2022Article
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12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTreatment of gonorrhea is complicated by the development of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) to the antibiotics recommended for treatment. Knowledge on types of plasmids and the antibiotic resistance genes they harbor is useful in monitoring the emergence and spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance. In Kenya, studies on gonococcal antimicrobial resistance are few and data on plasmid mediated drug resistance is limited. The present study characterizes plasmid mediated resistance in N. gonorrhoeae isolates recovered from Kenya between 2013 and 2018.
methodsDNA was extracted from 36 sub-cultured GC isolates exhibiting varying drug resistance profiles. Whole genome sequencing was done on Illumina MiSeq platform and reads assembled de-novo using CLC Genomics Workbench. Genome annotation was performed using Rapid Annotation Subsystem Technology. Comparisons in identified antimicrobial resistance determinants were done using Bioedit sequence alignment editor.
resultsTwenty-four (66.7%) isolates had both β-lactamase (TEM) and TetM encoding plasmids. 8.3% of the isolates lacked both TEM and TetM plasmids and had intermediate to susceptible penicillin and tetracycline MICs. Twenty-six (72%) isolates harbored TEM encoding plasmids. 25 of the TEM plasmids were of African type while one was an Asian type. Of the 36 isolates, 31 (86.1%) had TetM encoding plasmids, 30 of which harbored American TetM, whereas 1 carried a Dutch TetM. All analyzed isolates had non-mosaic penA alleles. All the isolates expressing TetM were tetracycline resistant (MIC> 1 mg/L) and had increased doxycycline MICs (up to 96 mg/L). All the isolates had S10 ribosomal protein V57M amino acid substitution associated with tetracycline resistance. No relation was observed between PenB and MtrR alterations and penicillin and tetracycline MICs.
conclusionHigh-level gonococcal penicillin and tetracycline resistance in the sampled Kenyan regions was found to be mediated by plasmid borne blaTEM and tetM genes. While the African TEM plasmid, TEM1 and American TetM are the dominant genotypes, Asian TEM plasmid, a new TEM239 and Dutch TetM have emerged in the regions.
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