ReviewCells2020
TNF Production and Release from Microglia via Extracellular Vesicles: Impact on Brain Functions.
Review in Cells, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondary Mania induced by TNF-α inhibitors: A systematic review.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2022Pooled it
- Prelimbic cortex-associated stress sensitisation and region-specific mitochondrial adaptations across preclinical approaches relevant to PTSD and depression.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Sleep interruption aggravates sepsis by rewiring the macrophage immune response.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Hippocampal, Microglial, Morphological, and Amyloid Profiles Following Thiamine Pyrophosphate Treatment in 3xTg-AD Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Neurobiology of Anxiety and Depression in CP/CPPS: A Narrative Review of Underlying Mechanisms.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions of mitochondrial quality control in chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Selective Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor for Attenuating Alzheimer's Disease: Strategies Targeting Neuroinflammation.Inflammation · 2026Review
- Increased Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Members in Neuroinflammatory Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Midbrains.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Microglia alter autonomic nucleus neuronal activation after peripheral cytokine challenge.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Neurovascular Unit-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Post-Stroke Pathology and Neurorestoration.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- From Sea to Sight: Fucoidan Protects Against Oxidative Damage in Porcine Retina Organ Culture.Marine drugs · 2026Article
- Glial Cells as Key Mediators in the Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A mechanistic insight of neuro-inflammation signaling pathways and implication in neurodegenerative disorders.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Network pharmacology refined with non-ubiquity and decoy-controlled molecular docking reveals insights intoFrontiers in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Emerging pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: from neuroimmune interactions to intercellular communication.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Review
- Microglia-Mediated Phagocytosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, Heterogeneity, and Therapeutic Insights.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Microglia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Oligodendrocyte Maturation by Transcriptionally Regulating Mitochondrial Molecular Pathways.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Investigating the ageing-Parkinson's disease nexus: standardisation of in vitro models and techniques by the PD-AGE network.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Inflammatory and Oxidative Biological Profiles in Mental Disorders: Perspectives on Diagnostics and Personalized Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine powerfully influencing diverse processes of the central nervous system (CNS) under both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we analyze current literature describing the molecular processes involved in TNF synthesis and release from microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS and the main source of this cytokine both in brain development and neurodegenerative diseases. A special attention has been given to the unconventional vesicular pathway of TNF, based on the emerging role of microglia-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the propagation of inflammatory signals and in mediating cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, we describe the contribution of microglial TNF in regulating important CNS functions, including the neuroinflammatory response following brain injury, the neuronal circuit formation and synaptic plasticity, and the processes of myelin damage and repair. Specifically, the available data on the functions mediated by microglial EVs carrying TNF have been scrutinized to gain insights on possible novel therapeutic strategies targeting TNF to foster CNS repair.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.