ArticleJournal of internal medicine2021
Elevated markers of gut leakage and inflammasome activation in COVID-19 patients with cardiac involvement.
Article in Journal of internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06677502 (The Usefulness of Cerebrolysin in Alleviating the Severity of Delirium in Critically Ill Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Usefulness of Cerebrolysin in Alleviating the Severity of Delirium in Critically Ill Patients
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive proteomics and meta-analysis of COVID-19 host response.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Increased interleukin-6 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 are associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- An Iron-Complement Network Model of Thromboinflammation and Humoral Immune Remodeling in Severe COVID-19.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Conservation of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Binding by SARS-CoV-2 Spike across Major Viral Variants.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiota-NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis in Chronic Heart Failure: Mechanisms Across Heart Failure Phenotypes and Therapeutic Perspectives.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein (LBP) and Inflammatory Biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalized Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Dynamic Changes in Antibodies and Proteome in Breast Milk of Mothers Infected with Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron: A Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Financing of non-communicable diseases in Afghanistan.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- LBP and iFABP mismatch in the evaluation of intestinal barrier dysfunction due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Observational
- SARS-CoV-2 infection perturbs the gastrointestinal tract and induces modest microbial translocation across the intestinal barrier.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Review
- Non-human primate model of long-COVID identifies immune associates of hyperglycemia.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Zinc Deficiency And sTNF-RII Are Associated With Worse COVID-19 Outcomes.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Observational
- Excess of body weight is associated with accelerated T-cell senescence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- Beyond acute infection: molecular mechanisms underpinning cardiovascular complications in long COVID.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- New insights into the intestinal barrier through "gut-organ" axes and a glimpse of the microgravity's effects on intestinal barrier.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- LuQi Formula relieves ventricular remodeling through improvement of HIF-1α-mediated intestinal barrier integrity.Chinese medicine · 2023Article
- Intestinal barrier dysfunction as a key driver of severe COVID-19.World journal of virology · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a bacterial lipopolysaccharide delivery system in an overzealous inflammatory cascade.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2023Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA high proportion of COVID-19 patients have cardiac involvement, even those without known cardiac disease. Downregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and the renin-angiotensin system, as well as inflammatory mechanisms have been suggested to play a role. ACE2 is abundant in the gut and associated with gut microbiota composition. We hypothesized that gut leakage of microbial products, and subsequent inflammasome activation could contribute to cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients.
methodsPlasma levels of a gut leakage marker (LPS-binding protein, LBP), a marker of enterocyte damage (intestinal fatty acid binding protein, IFABP), a gut homing marker (CCL25, ligand for chemokine receptor CCR9) and markers of inflammasome activation (IL-1β, IL-18 and their regulatory proteins) were measured at three time points (day 1, 3-5 and 7-10) in 39 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and related to cardiac involvement.
resultsCompared to controls, COVID-19 patients had elevated plasma levels of LBP and CCL25 but not IFABP, suggesting impaired gut barrier function and accentuated gut homing of T cells without excessive enterocyte damage. Levels of LBP were twice as high at baseline in patients with elevated cardiac markers compared with those without and remained elevated during hospitalization. Also, markers of inflammasome activation were moderately elevated in patients with cardiac involvement. LBP was associated with higher NT-pro-BNP levels, whereas IL-18, IL-18BP and IL-1Ra were associated with higher troponin levels.
conclusionPatients with cardiac involvement had elevated markers of gut leakage and inflammasome activation, suggestive of a potential gut-heart axis in COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.