ArticlePLoS pathogens2020
CX3CL1 and IL-15 Promote CD8 T cell chemoattraction in HIV and in atherosclerosis.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis as potential inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Cytotoxic CX3CR1+ Vδ1 T cells clonally expand in an interplay of CMV, microbiota, and HIV-1 persistence in people on antiretroviral therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Trial
- The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in HIV-associated inflammation and cardiometabolic disease.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2026Review
- Heterogeneity and dynamics of DENV-specific CD8 + T cells in dengue infection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- CD8Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Cytomegalovirus in HIV: A Modifiable Driver of Inflammation, Frailty, and Aging.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Inactivation of interleukin-15 reduces spontaneous atherosclerosis inFrontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Angiogenic CD8 T cells from PWH induce Granzymes-dependent PAR1 activation promoting endothelial inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Mechanisms and implications of vascular-homing CD8 T cells in atherosclerosis.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2025Review
- Association of T-Cell Phenotypes With Peri-Coronary Inflammation in People With and Without HIV and Without Cardiovascular Disease.Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging · 2025Observational
- CX3CR1Cancer science · 2024Review
- YTHDF2 in peritumoral hepatocytes mediates chemotherapy-induced antitumor immune responses through CX3CL1-mediated CD8Molecular cancer · 2024Article
- Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Inflammation in HIV and Its Impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Cytomegalovirus Infection Facilitates the Costimulation of CD57+CD28- CD8 T Cells in HIV Infection and Atherosclerosis via the CD2-LFA-3 Axis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- T cell specific deletion of Casitas B lineage lymphoma-b reduces atherosclerosis, but increases plaque T cell infiltration and systemic T cell activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Association of Soluble Markers of Inflammation With Peri-coronary Artery Inflammation in People With and Without HIV Infection and Without Cardiovascular Disease.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The Role of CMV Infection in Primary Lesions, Development and Clinical Expression of Atherosclerosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Immunosenescence: an unexplored role in glomerulonephritis.Clinical & translational immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains an important cause of morbidity in the general population and risk for ASCVD is increased approximately 2-fold in persons living with HIV infection (PLWH). This risk is linked to elevated CD8 T cell counts that are abundant in atherosclerotic plaques and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis yet the mechanisms driving T cell recruitment to and activation within plaques are poorly defined. Here we investigated the role of CD8 T cells in atherosclerosis in a non-human primate model of HIV infection and in the HIV-uninfected elderly; we sought to identify factors that promote the activation, function, and recruitment to endothelium of CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells. We measured elevated expression of CX3CL1 and IL-15, and increased CD8 T cell numbers in the aortas of rhesus macaques infected with SIV or SHIV, and demonstrated similar findings in atherosclerotic vessels of HIV-uninfected humans. We found that recombinant TNF enhanced the production and release of CX3CL1 and bioactive IL-15 from aortic endothelial cells, but not from aortic smooth muscle cells. IL-15 in turn promoted CX3CR1 surface expression on and TNF synthesis by CD8 T cells, and IL-15-treated CD8 T cells exhibited enhanced CX3CL1-dependent chemoattraction toward endothelial cells in vitro. Finally, we show that CD8 T cells in human atherosclerotic plaques have an activated, resident phenotype consistent with in vivo IL-15 and CX3CL1 exposure. In this report, we define a novel model of CD8 T cell involvement in atherosclerosis whereby CX3CL1 and IL-15 operate in tandem within the vascular endothelium to promote infiltration by activated CX3CR1+ memory CD8 T cells that drive further endothelial activation via TNF. We propose that these interactions are prevalent in aging and in PLWH, populations where circulating activated CX3CR1+ CD8 T cell numbers are often expanded.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.