ArticleBiometrics2021
A class of proportional win-fractions regression models for composite outcomes.
Article in Biometrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- WIN RATIO FOR PARTIALLY ORDERED DATA.Statistica Sinica · 2026Article
- Methods for analyzing recurrent and terminal events considering composite and competing endpoints in clinical trials: a practical overview.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Review
- Predicting Win-Loss Probabilities for Composite Time-to-Event Outcomes Under The Proportional Win-Fractions Regression Model.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Covariate Adjustment for the Win Odds: Application to Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Improving Power of the Win Ratio Analysis through Distance-based Weights.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Making Sense of Hierarchical Composite End Points in Randomized Clinical Trials-A Primer for Infectious Diseases Clinicians and Researchers.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Review
- Reflection on clinical and methodological issues in rare disease clinical trials.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Article
- Regularized win ratio regression for variable selection and risk prediction, with an application to a cardiovascular trial.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Estimands and Cumulative Incidence Function Regression in Clinical Trials: Some New Results on Interpretability and Robustness.Statistics in medicine · 2024Article
- Defining estimand for the win ratio: Separate the true effect from censoring.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2024Article
- Article
- On restricted mean time in favor of treatment.Biometrics · 2023Article
- Stratified proportional win-fractions regression analysis.Statistics in medicine · 2022Article
- Sample size formula for general win ratio analysis.Biometrics · 2022Article
- On recurrent-event win ratio.Statistical methods in medical research · 2022Article
- Statistical models for composite endpoints of death and non-fatal events: a review.Statistics in biopharmaceutical research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The win ratio is gaining traction as a simple and intuitive approach to analysis of prioritized composite endpoints in clinical trials. To extend it from two-sample comparison to regression, we propose a novel class of semiparametric models that includes as special cases both the two-sample win ratio and the traditional Cox proportional hazards model on time to the first event. Under the assumption that the covariate-specific win and loss fractions are proportional over time, the regression coefficient is unrelated to the censoring distribution and can be interpreted as the log win ratio resulting from one-unit increase in the covariate. U-statistic estimating functions, in the form of an arbitrary covariate-specific weight process integrated by a pairwise residual process, are constructed to obtain consistent estimators for the regression parameter. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are derived using uniform weak convergence theory for U-processes. Visual inspection of a "score" process provides useful clues as to the plausibility of the proportionality assumption. Extensive numerical studies using both simulated and real data from a major cardiovascular trial show that the regression methods provide valid inference on covariate effects and outperform the two-sample win ratio in both efficiency and robustness. The proposed methodology is implemented in the R-package WR, publicly available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.