ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2021
Melanoma brain metastases have lower T-cell content and microvessel density compared to matched extracranial metastases.
Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Future directions in the treatment of brain metastases: evaluating the role of cellular players in the tumour microenvironment.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Bacteria-related signals in brain metastases: evidence boundaries, tumor-microenvironment remodeling, and translational prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Microglial reprogramming: a potential new frontier in enhancing immunotherapy for melanoma brain metastasis.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Differential T cell accumulation within intracranial and subcutaneous melanomas is associated with differences in intratumoral myeloid cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Vascular mimicry as a facilitator of melanoma brain metastasis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- MET receptor serves as a promising target in melanoma brain metastases.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- Differential requirements for CD4+ T cells in the efficacy of the anti-PD-1+LAG-3 and anti-PD-1+CTLA-4 combinations in melanoma flank and brain metastasis models.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Multi-omic profiling reveals discrepant immunogenic properties and a unique tumor microenvironment among melanoma brain metastases.NPJ precision oncology · 2023Article
- Immune dysfunction revealed by digital spatial profiling of immuno-oncology markers in progressive stages of renal cell carcinoma and in brain metastases.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Article
- The progress of microenvironment-targeted therapies in brain metastases.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Coupled fibromodulin and SOX2 signaling as a critical regulator of metastatic outgrowth in melanoma.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- Emerging Studies of Melanoma Brain Metastasis.Current oncology reports · 2022Review
- Location matters: LAG3 levels are lower in renal cell carcinoma metastatic sites compared to primary tumors, and expression at metastatic sites only may have prognostic importance.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Clinical Significance of PDCD4 in Melanoma by Subcellular Expression and in Tumor-Associated Immune Cells.Cancers · 2021Article
- CD11c+CD163+ Cells and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Expression Are Common in Melanoma Leptomeningeal Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough melanoma brain metastases (MBM) tend to respond to systemic therapy concordantly with extracranial metastases, little is known about differences in immune cell and vascular content between the brain and other metastatic sites. Here we studied infiltrating immune cell subsets and microvessel density (MVD) in paired intracerebral and extracerebral melanoma metastases.
methodsPaired intracerebral and extracerebral tumor tissue was obtained from 37 patients with metastatic melanoma who underwent craniotomy between 1997 and 2014. A tissue microarray was constructed to quantify subsets of tumor-infiltrating T-cell, B-cell, and macrophage content, PD-L1 expression, and MVD using quantitative immunofluorescence.
resultsMBM had lower CD3+ (p = 0.01) and CD4+ (p = 0.003) T-cell content, lower MVD (p = 0.006), and a trend for lower CD8+ (p = 0.17) T-cell content compared to matched extracerebral metastases. There were no significant differences in CD20+ B-cell or CD68+ macrophage content, or tumor or stroma PD-L1 expression. Low MVD (p = 0.008) and high CD68+ macrophage density (p = 0.04) in intracerebral metastases were associated with improved 1-year survival from time of first MBM diagnosis.
conclusionsAlthough responses to immune-modulating drugs in the body and the brain tend to be concordant, differences were found in MVD and T-cell content between these sites. Studies of these markers should be incorporated into prospective therapeutic clinical trials to determine their prognostic and predictive value.
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