ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2020
Probiotics at War Against Viruses: What Is Missing From the Picture?
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotics and Bacteriocins Against SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutic Frontiers and Mechanistic Insights.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Computational approaches for flavivirus drug discovery: targeting structural and non-structural proteins.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Elongation Factor Thermo Unstable Secreted Protein from Ligilactobacillus murinus 0516 Against Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Heat-Inactivated Bacillus can Against Novel Duck Reovirus Infection In vitro and In vivo.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Staphylococcus epidermidis MB614 and Staphylococcus hominis MB621 from human milk as up regulators of TNF-α induced IL-8 production by Caco-2 cell line.BMC biotechnology · 2025Article
- Phenotypic and safety exploration of indigenous bacterial strains for probiotic applications in aquaculture.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- The Gut Microbiome in Enteric Viral Infections: Underlying Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Nasal-spraying Bacillus spore probiotics for pneumonia in children with respiratory syncytial virus and bacterial co-infections: a randomized clinical trial.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Probiotics and Prebiotics Intervention in Respiratory and Digestive Infections Linked to Covid-19.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Effects of Probiotics on Liver Diseases: Current In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Biotechnological potential of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Shirota for bioemulsifier, bacteriocin and lipase production.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Effects of Probiotic Supplementation during Chronic Rhinosinusitis on the Microbiome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Vaginal Lactobacilli Supernatants Protect from Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in Cell Culture Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the safety and immune stimulatory effects of multi-strain Lab Mix product on laboratory animals.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Comparative analysis of COVID-19 responses in Japan and Africa: diet, phytochemicals, vitamin D, and gut microbiota in reducing mortality-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Functional and genomic characterization of a novel probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii KD1 against shrimp WSSV infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Synbiotic Agents and Their Active Components for Sustainable Aquaculture: Concepts, Action Mechanisms, and Applications.Biology · 2023Review
- The Impacts of Acidophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria on Food and Human Health: A Review of the Current Knowledge.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Lung Microbiota: Its Relationship to Respiratory System Diseases and Approaches for Lung-Targeted Probiotic Bacteria Delivery.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Effects of yogurt containing probiotics on respiratory virus infections: Influenza H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2.Journal of dairy science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Our world is now facing a multitude of novel infectious diseases. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, albeit with increasing difficulty as many of the more common causes of infection have now developed broad spectrum antimicrobial resistance. However, there is now an even greater challenge from both old and new viruses capable of causing respiratory, enteric, and urogenital infections. Reports of viruses resistant to frontline therapeutic drugs are steadily increasing and there is an urgent need to develop novel antiviral agents. Although this all makes sense, it seems rather strange that relatively little attention has been given to the antiviral capabilities of probiotics. Over the years, beneficial strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been successfully used to treat gastrointestinal, oral, and vaginal infections, and some can also effect a reduction in serum cholesterol levels. Some probiotics prevent gastrointestinal dysbiosis and, by doing so, reduce the risk of developing secondary infections. Other probiotics exhibit anti-tumor and immunomodulating properties, and in some studies, antiviral activities have been reported for probiotic bacteria and/or their metabolites. Unfortunately, the mechanistic basis of the observed beneficial effects of probiotics in countering viral infections is sometimes unclear. Interestingly, in COVID-19 patients, a clear decrease has been observed in cell numbers of
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.