Observational studyInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
The Visible Behaviour of Drowning Persons: A Pilot Observational Study Using Analytic Software and a Nominal Group Technique.
Observational study in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Asparagine depletion mediates high-intensity exercise induced cardiac injury: translational evidence from metabolomics and Mendelian randomization.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- An Investigation of the 10:20 Protection Rule for Detecting Aquatic Hazards.Europe's journal of psychology · 2025Article
- Resuscitation Following Drowning: Key Updates for Improved Outcomes from the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Guidelines.Indian pediatrics · 2025Review
- MS-YOLO: A Lightweight and High-Precision YOLO Model for Drowning Detection.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Nurses' perspectives on user-friendly self-sampling interventions for diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections among young women in eThekwini district municipality: a nominal group technique.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Surfers as aquatics rescuers in Portugal and Spain: Characteristics of rescues and resuscitation knowledge.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Deep Learning and 5G and Beyond for Child Drowning Prevention in Swimming Pools.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The experience of drowning.The Medico-legal journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although drowning is a common phenomenon, the behaviour of drowning persons is poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to provide a quantitative and qualitative analysis of this behaviour. This was an observational study of drowning videos observed by 20 international experts in the field of water safety. For quantitative analysis, each video was analysed with Lince observation software by four participants. A Nominal Group Technique generated input for the qualitative analysis and the two principal investigators conducted a post-hoc analysis. A total of 87.5% of the 23 videos showed drowning in swimming pools, 50% of the drowned persons were male, and 58.3% were children or teenagers. Nineteen persons were rescued before unconsciousness and showed just the beginning of downing behaviour. Another five were rescued after unconsciousness, which allowed the observation of their drowning behaviour from the beginning to the end. Significant differences were found comparing both groups regarding the length of disappearances underwater, number, and length of resurfacing (resp.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.