ReviewIndian journal of ophthalmology2020
Combined retinal vascular occlusion: Demography, clinical features, visual outcome, systemic co-morbidities, and literature review.
Review in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recurrent combined branch retinal vein and branch retinal artery occlusion associated with PAMM as the first manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma: a case report.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Article
- Case Report: A rare case of combined branch retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal artery occlusion.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Rare presentation of Behçet's disease in a 22-year-old male with combined retinal artery and vein occlusions.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2025Article
- Aetiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Arterial Occlusions of the Retina-A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Sudden Visual Loss After Vitreoretinal Surgery: A Case Report.Case reports in ophthalmological medicine · 2024Article
- Simultaneous Branch Retinal Artery and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Improved with No Ocular Therapy: A Case Report.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2023Article
- Combined Branch Retinal Artery and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Systematic Review.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Neovascular glaucoma with combined retinal vascular occlusion in carotid cavernous fistula.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion associated with antiphospholipid syndrome.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- Arm-to-retina time predicts visual outcome of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Neovascular Proliferation over a Cosmetic Artificial Iris Implant.Case reports in ophthalmologyArticle
- Bilateral Combined Central Retinal Artery and Vein Occlusion in a Child with Purtscher Retinopathy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Middle East African journal of ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo document the clinical features, systemic association, and treatment outcome of patients with a combined retinal vein and artery occlusion (CRVAO) and review of literature.
methodsA retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with CRVAO at a tertiary eye care center. Patient's demographic details and associated ocular and systemic factors were recorded. Treatment included laser photocoagulation, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injection or transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC), alone or in combination. At last, follow- up treatment response was measured in visual acuity status, regression of neovascularization, and control of intraocular pressure (IOP). All cases reported in the current decade were analyzed and compared with this study.
resultsSeventeen eyes with CRVAO accounted for 0.3% of total vascular occlusion (total 5151 patients were seen in this period). The mean age was 48.12 ± 17.5 years (range: 12-87 years) and there were 9 females. Nine eyes had CRVO + CRAO; 6 eyes had BRVO + BRAO, and one patient each had CRVO + BRAO and CRAO + BRVO. Fluorescein angiography (FA) showed delayed 'arm to retina' time (>20 seconds) in all 10 eyes and delayed arteriovenous transit time in 9 out of 10 eyes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed hypereflective inner retinal layers (16 eyes) and neurosensory detachment (7 eyes). The most common systemic associations were hypertension and dyslipidemia (n = 7 people; 41.18%) each. Four patients (23.5%) had a plaque in carotid arteries with normal 2D echocardiography. Ten (59%) eyes were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab + laser; four (23.5%) eyes were treated with laser only, and three (17.6%) eyes were treated with laser + anti-VEGF + TSCPC. At last follow up, vision improved in 9 (52.9%) eyes; stable in 3 (17.7%) eyes, and reduced to perception of light in 5 (29.4%) eyes.
conclusionCombined CRVAO is a rare emergency leading to acute vision loss. Early diagnosis and treatment for ocular complications and systemic evaluation for cardiovascular risk factors are needed.
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