Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32971137›Full record

ArticleJournal of hepatology2021

A global investment framework for the elimination of hepatitis B.

Jessica Howell, Alisa Pedrana, Sophia E Schroeder, Nick Scott, Lisa Aufegger, Rifat Atun, Ricardo Baptista-Leite, Gottfried Hirnschall, Ellen 't Hoen, Sharon J Hutchinson and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of hepatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. pgRNA-mEpigenetics · 2026
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  15. Current status of drug therapy for chronic hepatitis B.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Jessica HowellDisease Elimination Programme, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: jess.howell@burnet.edu.au.
Alisa PedranaDisease Elimination Programme, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Sophia E SchroederDisease Elimination Programme, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Nick ScottDisease Elimination Programme, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Lisa AufeggerCentre for Health Policy, Imperial College London.
Rifat AtunHarvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Ricardo Baptista-LeiteUniversidade Catolica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Gottfried HirnschallStrategic Information, Global Hepatitis Programme, World Health Organization; Formerly Department of HIV and Global Hepatitis Programme, World Health Organization.
Ellen 't HoenGlobal Health Unit, University Medical Centre, Groningen, the Netherlands; Medicines Law & Policy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sharon J HutchinsonSchool of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK; Health Protection Scotland, Meridian Court, Cadogan St, Glasgow, UK.
Jeffrey V LazarusBarcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Lesi OlufunmilayoDepartment of Medicine, Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Raquel PeckWorld Hepatitis Alliance, London, UK.
Manik SharmaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Annette H SohnTREAT Asia/amfAR, Foundation for AIDS Research, Bangkok, Thailand.
Alexander ThompsonDepartment of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia.
Mark ThurszDepartment of Hepatology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
David WilsonDisease Elimination Programme, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Margaret HellardDisease Elimination Programme, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University, Australia.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND &

aimsMore than 292 million people are living with hepatitis B worldwide and are at risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set global targets for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. However, current levels of global investment in viral hepatitis elimination programmes are insufficient to achieve these goals.

methodsTo catalyse political commitment and to encourage domestic and international financing, we used published modelling data and key stakeholder interviews to develop an investment framework to demonstrate the return on investment for viral hepatitis elimination.

resultsThe framework utilises a public health approach to identify evidence-based national activities that reduce viral hepatitis-related morbidity and mortality, as well as international activities and critical enablers that allow countries to achieve maximum impact on health outcomes from their investments - in the context of the WHO's 2030 viral elimination targets.

conclusionFocusing on hepatitis B, this health policy paper employs the investment framework to estimate the substantial economic benefits of investing in the elimination of hepatitis B and demonstrates how such investments could be cost saving by 2030. LAY SUMMARY: Hepatitis B infection is a major cause of death from liver disease and liver cancer globally. To reduce deaths from hepatitis B infection, we need more people to be tested and treated for hepatitis B. In this paper, we outline a framework of activities to reduce hepatitis B-related deaths and discuss ways in which governments could pay for them.

Indexed as

Healthcare FinancingHepatitis B virusInvestmentsAdultAntiviral AgentsChildCost-Benefit AnalysisDisease EradicationFemaleGlobal HealthHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis B VaccinesHumansPublic HealthTreatment OutcomeVaccinationAntiviral AgentsHepatitis B VaccinesCost-effectivenessDisease eliminationHealth financingHepatitis BUniversal health coverageViral hepatitis

Identifiers

PMID32971137
PMCPMC7505744

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.