SynthesisPloS one2020
Umbilical cord characteristics and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05901688 (Umbilical Cord Abnormalities in the Prediction of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Umbilical Cord Abnormalities in the Prediction of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fetal death: Expert consensus of the French College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Guideline
- Diagnostic Performance of Color Doppler Ultrasound for Detecting Nuchal Cord and Associated Immediate Neonatal Outcomes at Term in Uganda: A Prospective Diagnostic-Accuracy Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- New biomarkers for the detection of fetal death derived from large-scale proteomic analysis of maternal plasma.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Prevention of stillbirths associated with umbilical cord abnormalities: A clinico-pathological overview.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Review
- Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Imiglucerase-Treated Patients With Gaucher Disease: Real-World Evidence From the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Gaucher Registry Pregnancy Sub-Registry.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026Observational
- The Impact of Maternal Metabolic Syndrome on Gross Placental Structure in Term Pregnancies: A Comparative Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Clinical analysis of umbilical cord torsion-related prenatal stillbirth.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Stillbirth in Iceland 1996-2021: Incidence and etiology.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- The Pathophysiology of Wharton's Jelly and Its Impact on Fetal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The impact of true knot of umbilical cord on obstetric outcomes-true or not?Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- Verbal Information From Parents About Stillbirth: The VIPS Study (Phase One).The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2025Article
- Article
- Trends in the causes of stillbirths over 20 years in Southern Japan.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Fetal Death Due to an Unusual Coexistence of Two Umbilical Cord Anomalies: Analysis in a Forensic Perspective.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and Histopathological Characteristics of Fetuses with Congenital Disorders: A Study in Greece.Biology · 2025Article
- Cord Entanglement in Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Pregnancy: A Rare Diagnostic and Clinical Challenge.Cureus · 2025Article
- The Application of Machine Learning Models to Predict Stillbirths.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Predicting purulent meningitis in very preterm infants: a novel clinical model.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Fatal Umbilical Cord Hemorrhage Triggering Neonatal Demise: Clinicopathological Insights from the Case Analysis.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Pattern Evolution Associated With Septuple Nuchal Cord Loops: A Case Report.Case reports in obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCurrent data on the role of the umbilical cord in pregnancy complications are conflicting; estimates of the proportion of stillbirths due to cord problems range from 3.4 to 26.7%. A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to determine which umbilical cord abnormalities are associated with stillbirth and related adverse pregnancy outcomes.
methodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched from 1960 to present day. Reference lists of included studies and grey literature were also searched. Cohort, cross-sectional, or case-control studies of singleton pregnancies after 20 weeks' gestation that reported the frequency of umbilical cord characteristics or cord abnormalities and their relationship to stillbirth or other adverse outcomes were included. Quality of included studies was assessed using NIH quality assessment tools. Analyses were performed in STATA.
resultsThis review included 145 studies. Nuchal cords were present in 22% of births (95% CI 19, 25); multiple loops of cord were present in 4% (95% CI 3, 5) and true knots of the cord in 1% (95% CI 0, 1) of births. There was no evidence for an association between stillbirth and any nuchal cord (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.62, 1.98). Comparing multiple loops of nuchal cord to single loops or no loop gave an OR of 2.36 (95% CI 0.99, 5.62). We were not able to look at the effect of tight or loose nuchal loops. The likelihood of stillbirth was significantly higher with a true cord knot (OR 4.65, 95% CI 2.09, 10.37).
conclusionsTrue umbilical cord knots are associated with increased risk of stillbirth; the incidence of stillbirth is higher with multiple nuchal loops compared to single nuchal cords. No studies reported the combined effects of multiple umbilical cord abnormalities. Our analyses suggest specific avenues for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.